IAEA and Nuclear Security: An Evolutionary Perspective

Muhammed Ali Alkış; Aşkın İnci Sökmen Alaca

doi:10.59474/nuclear.2023.63

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IAEA ve Nükleer Emniyet: Evrimsel Yaklaşım

Öz

Uluslararası Atom Enerjisi Ajansı (IAEA) 1957'den bu yana nükleer emniyet konusundaki rolünü genişletmiştir. Başlangıçta sadece nükleer enerjinin barışçıl amaçlarla kullanımının teşvik edilmesi ve nükleer silahların yayılmasının önlenmesine yönelik emniyet tedbirlerinin uygulanmasına odaklanması amaçlanmışken, zaman içinde nükleer terörizm ve nükleer maddelerin yasadışı ticareti gibi nükleer teknolojiye yönelik ortaya çıkan tehditleri ele almak üzere görev alanı değişmiştir. Bu tarihsel perspektifte, makale IAEA'nın nükleer emniyet çerçevesinin gelişimini analiz etmektedir. Zaman içinde, 1970'lerde fiziksel koruma ihtiyacı ve 11 Eylül terör saldırılarından sonra kapsamlı emniyet tedbirlerinin oluşturulması gibi kilit noktalar ortaya çıkmıştır. Şu anda IAEA'nın nükleer emniyet programı, sadece Üye Devletlerin talebi üzerine sunulan rehberlik, eğitim ve uluslararası işbirliği çabalarından oluşmaktadır. Son zamanlarda, IAEA nükleer emniyet çabalarını teknik yardım sağlamak ve çatışma bölgelerinde nükleer emniyet ve güvenliği izlemek üzere genişletmiştir. Ancak bu genişleme IAEA için kolay olmamıştır çünkü finansman kısıtlamaları ve ulusal egemenlik ile uluslararası gözetim arasındaki gerilim gibi zorluklarla karşılaşmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, IAEA'nın küresel bir platform olarak nükleer emniyet rolü, nükleer emniyet tehditlerinin azaltılmasına yönelik uluslararası çabaların arttırılmasındaki kritik önemini ortaya koymaktadır. Ancak IAEA nükleer emniyet konusunda önemli ilerlemeler kaydetmiş olsa da yapısal ve siyasi sınırlamalar etkinliğini kısıtlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

IAEA and Nuclear Security: An Evolutionary Perspective

Abstract

Since 1957, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has expanded its role in nuclear security. While it was only intended to focus on promoting the peaceful use of nuclear energy in line with safeguards implementation to prevent nuclear proliferation, its mandate has, in time, evolved to address the emerging threats to nuclear technology, i.e., nuclear terrorism and illicit trafficking of nuclear materials. In this historical perspective, the article analyses the development of the IAEA's nuclear security framework. Over time, there have been key points, such as the need for physical protection in the 1970s and the establishment of comprehensive security measures after the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Currently, the IAEA's nuclear security program consists of guidance, training, and international cooperation efforts, which are only available upon the request of Member States. More recently, it has expanded its nuclear security efforts to provide technical assistance and monitor nuclear safety and security in conflict zones. However, this expansion has not been easy for the IAEA as it has challenges such as funding limitations and the tension between national sovereignty and international oversight. Ultimately, the IAEA's nuclear security role as the global platform shows its critical importance in enhancing international efforts to mitigate nuclear security threats. However, while the IAEA has made important progress in nuclear security, structural and political limitations constrain its effectiveness.

Keywords

Destekleyen Kurum

None

Etik Beyan

The authors have no conflict of interest.

Teşekkür

None

Kaynakça

[1] IAEA, Objective and Essential Elements of a State’s Nuclear Security Regime, IAEA Nuclear Security Series No. 20, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 2013.
[2] F.P. Joseph, An interview with the Director General, in: F.P. Joseph (Ed.), The International Atomic Energy Agency: Historical Reflections, Current Challenges and Future Prospects, Routledge, Oxford, 2021, pp. 13-24.
[3] F.P. Joseph, Introduction, in: F.P. Joseph (Ed.), The International Atomic Energy Agency: Historical Reflections, Current Challenges and Future Prospects, Routledge, Oxford, 2021, pp. 1-12.
[4] B. Baruch, Statement of United States Policy, presented to the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission (UNAEC) by U.S. Representative, 1946.
[5] A.S. Gill, Nuclear Security Summits: A History, Cham, Switzerland, Cham, Switzerland, 2019.
[6] IAEA, Nuclear Security Recommendations on Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and Nuclear Facilities (INFCIRC/225/Revision 5), IAEA Nuclear Security Series No. 13, International Atomic Energy Agency, 2011.
[7] M.A. Alkış, Nuclear Security and Nuclear Security Culture: An Overview, Journal of Nuclear Sciences 8 (2022) 17-21. https://doi.org/10.1501/nuclear.2023.58
[8] P.d. Klerk, How nuclear security arrived at the IAEA, in: F.P. Joseph (Ed.), The International Atomic Energy Agency: Historical Reflections, Current Challenges and Future Prospects, Routledge, Oxford, 2021, pp. 189-201.

[9] Incidents of Nuclear and Other Radioactive Material Out of Regulatory Control: 2016 Fact Sheet, International Atomic Energy Agency, Incident and Trafficking Database, 2016.
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Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Nükleer Bilimler , Nükleer Mühendisliği (Diğer)

Bölüm

Derleme

Yazarlar

Muhammed Ali Alkış ^*
0000-0002-7894-3872
Türkiye

Aşkın İnci Sökmen Alaca
0000-0002-2021-137X
Türkiye

Erken Görünüm Tarihi

22 Temmuz 2025

Yayımlanma Tarihi

4 Eylül 2025

Gönderilme Tarihi

21 Ocak 2025

Kabul Tarihi

27 Mart 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2022 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.59474/nuclear.2023.63

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA26ZR99TS

Kaynak Göster

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Alkış, M. A., & Sökmen Alaca, A. İ. (2025). IAEA and Nuclear Security: An Evolutionary Perspective. Journal of Nuclear Sciences, 9(2), 17-22. https://doi.org/10.59474/nuclear.2023.63

AMA

1.Alkış MA, Sökmen Alaca Aİ. IAEA and Nuclear Security: An Evolutionary Perspective. Journal of Nuclear Sciences. 2025;9(2):17-22. doi:10.59474/nuclear.2023.63

Chicago

Alkış, Muhammed Ali, ve Aşkın İnci Sökmen Alaca. 2025. “IAEA and Nuclear Security: An Evolutionary Perspective”. Journal of Nuclear Sciences 9 (2): 17-22. https://doi.org/10.59474/nuclear.2023.63.

EndNote

Alkış MA, Sökmen Alaca Aİ (01 Eylül 2025) IAEA and Nuclear Security: An Evolutionary Perspective. Journal of Nuclear Sciences 9 2 17–22.

IEEE

[1]M. A. Alkış ve A. İ. Sökmen Alaca, “IAEA and Nuclear Security: An Evolutionary Perspective”, Journal of Nuclear Sciences, c. 9, sy 2, ss. 17–22, Eyl. 2025, doi: 10.59474/nuclear.2023.63.

ISNAD

Alkış, Muhammed Ali - Sökmen Alaca, Aşkın İnci. “IAEA and Nuclear Security: An Evolutionary Perspective”. Journal of Nuclear Sciences 9/2 (01 Eylül 2025): 17-22. https://doi.org/10.59474/nuclear.2023.63.

JAMA

1.Alkış MA, Sökmen Alaca Aİ. IAEA and Nuclear Security: An Evolutionary Perspective. Journal of Nuclear Sciences. 2025;9:17–22.

MLA

Alkış, Muhammed Ali, ve Aşkın İnci Sökmen Alaca. “IAEA and Nuclear Security: An Evolutionary Perspective”. Journal of Nuclear Sciences, c. 9, sy 2, Eylül 2025, ss. 17-22, doi:10.59474/nuclear.2023.63.

Vancouver

1.Muhammed Ali Alkış, Aşkın İnci Sökmen Alaca. IAEA and Nuclear Security: An Evolutionary Perspective. Journal of Nuclear Sciences. 01 Eylül 2025;9(2):17-22. doi:10.59474/nuclear.2023.63