Öz
The surrounding soils at energy geo-structures must perform for a long time under high temperatures and thermal cycles. Engineering properties of soils are affected by temperature. Pumice is a thermally durable material and it may be used to increase thermal durability of soils. For this reason, it was aimed to develop thermally durable soil material by adding pumice additive to sand-bentonite mixtures. 10% and 20% pumice were added to 10% and 20% sand-bentonite mixtures and compaction, consolidation, direct shear and hydraulic conductivity tests were performed. The direct shear and hydraulic conductivity tests were performed both at room temperature and 80 °C. The consolidation test results showed that as pumice content increases the total vertical deformation decreased at room temperature. Pumice additive reduced the maximum shear stress values when temperature increased for 10B-90S mixtures. However, the pumice additive increased the internal friction angle of the mixtures at high temperature. It was observed that the hydraulic conductivity increased with increasing temperature. Thermal conductivity measurements showed that pumice additive reduced the thermal conductivity value of the mixtures.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Konsolidasyon geçirgenlik pomza kum-bentonit dayanım sıcaklık
Destekleyen Kurum
TÜBİTAK
Proje Numarası
217M553
Kaynakça
- Zheng, L., Rutqvist, J., Birkholzer, J. T. and Liu, H. H., On the Impact of Temperatures up to 200°C in Clay Repositories with Bentonite Engineer Barrier Systems: A Study with Coupled Thermal, Hydrological, Chemical, and Mechanical Modeling. Eng. Geol., Volume 197, 2015.
- Kale, R. C., Ravi, K., Influence of Thermal Loading on Index and Physicochemical Properties of Barmer Bentonite. Appl. Clay Sci., Volume 165, 2018.
- Karnland, O., Bentonite Swelling Pressure in Strong NaCl Solutions. Correlation between Model Calculations and Experimentally Determined Data. 1997.
- Laloui, L., Thermo-Mechanical Behaviour of Soils. Revue Française de Génie Civil. 5:6, 809-843, 2001. DOI: 10.1080/12795119.2001.9692328
- Abuel-Naga, H.M., Bergado, D.T. and Bee Fong Lim., Effect of Temperature on Shear Strength and Yielding Behavior of Soft Bangkok Clay. Soils and Foundations. Volume 47, 3,423-436, 2007.
- Campanella, R. and Mitchell, J., Influence of Temperature Variations on Soil Behavior. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division. 94, 609-734, 1968.
- Cekerevac, C. and Laloui, L., Experimental Study of Thermal Effects on the Mechanical Behaviour of a Clay. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics. 28, 209-008, 2004.
- Salager, S., Francois, B., Youssoufi, M. S. E., Laloui, L. and Saix, C., Experimental Investigations of Temperature and Suction Effects on Compressibility and Pre-Consolidation Pressure of a Sandy Silt. Soils and Foundations. 48, 4, 453-466, 2008.
- Tang, A. M., Cui, Y. J. and Barnel, N., Thermo-Mechanical Behaviour of a Compacted Swelling Clay. Geotechnique. 58:1, 45-54, 2008.
- Uchaipichat, A., and Khalili, N., Experimental Investigation of Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Behaviour of an Unsaturated Silt. Geotechnique. 59:4, 339-353, 2009.
- Coccia, C., Russell, J. and S. McCartney, J., Thermal Volume Change of Poorly Draining Soils I: Critical Assessment of Volume Change Mechanisms. Computers and Geotechnics. 80, 26-40, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2016.06.009.
- Cui, Y.J., Le, T.T., Tang, A.M., Delage, P. and Li, X.L., Investigating the Time-Dependent Behaviour of Boom Clay under Thermomechanical Loading. Geotechnique. 2009.
- Delage, P., Sultan, N. and Cui, Y.J., On the Thermal Consolidation of Boom Clay. Canadian Geotechnical Journal. Volume 37, 2012.
- Villar, M.V. and Lloret, A. Temperature Influence on the Mechanical Behaviour of a Compacted Bentonite. in Elsevier Geo-Engineering Book Series. Volume 2, 305-310, 2004.
- Abuel-Naga, H.M., Bergado, D.T., Ramana, G. V., Grino, L., Rujivipat, P. and Thet, Y. Experimental Evaluation of Engineering Behavior of Soft Bangkok Clay under Elevated Temperature. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. 132, 7, 2006.
- Yazdani, S., Helwany, S. and Olgun, G., Influence of Temperature on Soil–Pile Interface Shear Strength. Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment. 18, 69-78, 2019.
- Romero, E., Gens, A. and Lloret. A., Temperature Effects on the Hydraulic Behaviour of an Unsaturated Clay. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering. 19, 311–332, 2001.
- Towhata, I., Kuntiwattanaku, P., Seko, I. and Ohishi, K., Volume Change of Clays Induced by Heating as Observed in Consolidation Tests. Soils and Foundations. Volume 33, Issue 4, p. 170-183. 1993.
- Komine, H., Simplified Evaluation on Hydraulic Conductivities of Sand-Bentonite Mixture Backfill. Applied Clay Science. Volume 26, Issues 1–4, 13-19, 2004.
- Depci, T., Kul, A.R., Onal, Y., Disli, E., Alkan, S. and Turkmenoglu,. Z.F., Adsorption of Crystal Violet from Aqueous Solution on Activated Carbon Derived from Gölbaşi Lignite. Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing. 48, 1, 253-270, 2012.
- Sarıiz, K. and Nuhoğlu, İ., Endüstriyel Hammadde Yatakları ve Madenciliği. Eskişehir. Eskişehir. 1992
- Kılınç Aksay, E., İzmir‐Menderes Yöresi Pomza Cevherinin Kullanımına Yönelik Teknolojik Özelliklerinin Araştırılması. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi. 2005.
- Gündüz, L., Sarıışık, A., Tozaçan, B., Davraz, M., Uğur, İ. and Çankıran, O., Pomza Teknolojisi (Pomza Karakterizasyonu). Isparta. 1998.
- Sezgin, M., Davraz, M. and Gündüz, L., Pomza Endüstrisine Sektörel Bakış. edited by L. Gündüz and V. Deniz. 2005.
- ASTM:D698-12. Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort. ASTM International. 2012.
- ASTM International. 2011. ASTM D2435 / D2435M - 11: Standard Test Methods for One-Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Soils Using Incremental Loading.
- ASTM. 2011. D3080/D3080M-11. Standard Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils under Consolidated Drained Conditions. ASTM International.
- ASTM. 2001. ASTM D5084-16 ‘Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter. ASTM International.
- De Bruyn, D., Thimus, J.F., The influence of temperature on mechanical characteristics of Boom clay: the results of an initial laboratory programme. Eng. Geol., 41, 1 – 4, 117 – 126, 1996.
- Noble, C. A., Demirel, T., Effect Of Temperature On Strength Behavior Of Cohesive Soil. Proceedings of an International Conference Held at Washington, D.C., January 16 With the Support of the National Science Foundation, Issue 103, 204-219, 1969.
- Güneri, E, Yukselen-Aksoy, Y., Shear strength behaviour of sand-bentonite mixtures with pumice additivite under high temperature. E3S Web of Conferences. 205. 04004. 10.1051/e3sconf/202020504004, 2020.
- Xue Y., Sun D., Wang L., Xu Y., A Double-Layered Model For Near-Field Temperature In A Nuclear Waste Repository, Progress in Nuclear Energy, 133, 103646, ISSN 0149-1970, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnucene.2021.103646, 2021.
- Wersin, P., Lawrence H. J., Snellman, M., Impact of Iron Released from Steel Components on the Performance of the Bentonite Buffer: A Preliminary Assessment within the Framework of the KBS-3H Disposal Concept. In Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, Volume 932, 2006.
- Xu, Y., Jiang, L., Liu, J., Zhang, Y., Xu, Jinxia and He, G., Experimental study and modeling on effective thermal conductivity of EPS lightweight concrete. Journal of Thermal Science and Technology. Volume 11, 11. 10.1299/jtst.2016jtst0023. 2016.
- Gökalp Z., Taş İ., Uzun O., et al., Yeralti Suyu Kirliliğini Önlemeye Dönük Bariyer Tasarımı.34, 122-131, 2017. https://doi: 10.13002/jafag4414
Öz
The surrounding soils at energy geo-structures must perform for a long time under high temperatures and thermal cycles. Engineering properties of soils are affected by temperature. Pumice is a thermally durable material and it may be used to increase thermal durability of soils. For this reason, it was aimed to develop thermally durable soil material by adding pumice additive to sand-bentonite mixtures. 10% and 20% pumice were added to 10% and 20% sand-bentonite mixtures and compaction, consolidation, direct shear and hydraulic conductivity tests were performed. The direct shear and hydraulic conductivity tests were performed both at room temperature and 80 °C. The consolidation test results showed that as pumice content increases the total vertical deformation decreased at room temperature. Pumice additive reduced the maximum shear stress values when temperature increased for 10B-90S mixtures. However, the pumice additive increased the internal friction angle of the mixtures at high temperature. It was observed that the hydraulic conductivity increased with increasing temperature. Thermal conductivity measurements showed that pumice additive reduced the thermal conductivity value of the mixtures.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Consolidation permeability pumice sand-bentonite strength temperature
Proje Numarası
217M553
Kaynakça
- Zheng, L., Rutqvist, J., Birkholzer, J. T. and Liu, H. H., On the Impact of Temperatures up to 200°C in Clay Repositories with Bentonite Engineer Barrier Systems: A Study with Coupled Thermal, Hydrological, Chemical, and Mechanical Modeling. Eng. Geol., Volume 197, 2015.
- Kale, R. C., Ravi, K., Influence of Thermal Loading on Index and Physicochemical Properties of Barmer Bentonite. Appl. Clay Sci., Volume 165, 2018.
- Karnland, O., Bentonite Swelling Pressure in Strong NaCl Solutions. Correlation between Model Calculations and Experimentally Determined Data. 1997.
- Laloui, L., Thermo-Mechanical Behaviour of Soils. Revue Française de Génie Civil. 5:6, 809-843, 2001. DOI: 10.1080/12795119.2001.9692328
- Abuel-Naga, H.M., Bergado, D.T. and Bee Fong Lim., Effect of Temperature on Shear Strength and Yielding Behavior of Soft Bangkok Clay. Soils and Foundations. Volume 47, 3,423-436, 2007.
- Campanella, R. and Mitchell, J., Influence of Temperature Variations on Soil Behavior. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division. 94, 609-734, 1968.
- Cekerevac, C. and Laloui, L., Experimental Study of Thermal Effects on the Mechanical Behaviour of a Clay. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics. 28, 209-008, 2004.
- Salager, S., Francois, B., Youssoufi, M. S. E., Laloui, L. and Saix, C., Experimental Investigations of Temperature and Suction Effects on Compressibility and Pre-Consolidation Pressure of a Sandy Silt. Soils and Foundations. 48, 4, 453-466, 2008.
- Tang, A. M., Cui, Y. J. and Barnel, N., Thermo-Mechanical Behaviour of a Compacted Swelling Clay. Geotechnique. 58:1, 45-54, 2008.
- Uchaipichat, A., and Khalili, N., Experimental Investigation of Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Behaviour of an Unsaturated Silt. Geotechnique. 59:4, 339-353, 2009.
- Coccia, C., Russell, J. and S. McCartney, J., Thermal Volume Change of Poorly Draining Soils I: Critical Assessment of Volume Change Mechanisms. Computers and Geotechnics. 80, 26-40, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2016.06.009.
- Cui, Y.J., Le, T.T., Tang, A.M., Delage, P. and Li, X.L., Investigating the Time-Dependent Behaviour of Boom Clay under Thermomechanical Loading. Geotechnique. 2009.
- Delage, P., Sultan, N. and Cui, Y.J., On the Thermal Consolidation of Boom Clay. Canadian Geotechnical Journal. Volume 37, 2012.
- Villar, M.V. and Lloret, A. Temperature Influence on the Mechanical Behaviour of a Compacted Bentonite. in Elsevier Geo-Engineering Book Series. Volume 2, 305-310, 2004.
- Abuel-Naga, H.M., Bergado, D.T., Ramana, G. V., Grino, L., Rujivipat, P. and Thet, Y. Experimental Evaluation of Engineering Behavior of Soft Bangkok Clay under Elevated Temperature. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. 132, 7, 2006.
- Yazdani, S., Helwany, S. and Olgun, G., Influence of Temperature on Soil–Pile Interface Shear Strength. Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment. 18, 69-78, 2019.
- Romero, E., Gens, A. and Lloret. A., Temperature Effects on the Hydraulic Behaviour of an Unsaturated Clay. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering. 19, 311–332, 2001.
- Towhata, I., Kuntiwattanaku, P., Seko, I. and Ohishi, K., Volume Change of Clays Induced by Heating as Observed in Consolidation Tests. Soils and Foundations. Volume 33, Issue 4, p. 170-183. 1993.
- Komine, H., Simplified Evaluation on Hydraulic Conductivities of Sand-Bentonite Mixture Backfill. Applied Clay Science. Volume 26, Issues 1–4, 13-19, 2004.
- Depci, T., Kul, A.R., Onal, Y., Disli, E., Alkan, S. and Turkmenoglu,. Z.F., Adsorption of Crystal Violet from Aqueous Solution on Activated Carbon Derived from Gölbaşi Lignite. Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing. 48, 1, 253-270, 2012.
- Sarıiz, K. and Nuhoğlu, İ., Endüstriyel Hammadde Yatakları ve Madenciliği. Eskişehir. Eskişehir. 1992
- Kılınç Aksay, E., İzmir‐Menderes Yöresi Pomza Cevherinin Kullanımına Yönelik Teknolojik Özelliklerinin Araştırılması. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi. 2005.
- Gündüz, L., Sarıışık, A., Tozaçan, B., Davraz, M., Uğur, İ. and Çankıran, O., Pomza Teknolojisi (Pomza Karakterizasyonu). Isparta. 1998.
- Sezgin, M., Davraz, M. and Gündüz, L., Pomza Endüstrisine Sektörel Bakış. edited by L. Gündüz and V. Deniz. 2005.
- ASTM:D698-12. Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort. ASTM International. 2012.
- ASTM International. 2011. ASTM D2435 / D2435M - 11: Standard Test Methods for One-Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Soils Using Incremental Loading.
- ASTM. 2011. D3080/D3080M-11. Standard Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils under Consolidated Drained Conditions. ASTM International.
- ASTM. 2001. ASTM D5084-16 ‘Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter. ASTM International.
- De Bruyn, D., Thimus, J.F., The influence of temperature on mechanical characteristics of Boom clay: the results of an initial laboratory programme. Eng. Geol., 41, 1 – 4, 117 – 126, 1996.
- Noble, C. A., Demirel, T., Effect Of Temperature On Strength Behavior Of Cohesive Soil. Proceedings of an International Conference Held at Washington, D.C., January 16 With the Support of the National Science Foundation, Issue 103, 204-219, 1969.
- Güneri, E, Yukselen-Aksoy, Y., Shear strength behaviour of sand-bentonite mixtures with pumice additivite under high temperature. E3S Web of Conferences. 205. 04004. 10.1051/e3sconf/202020504004, 2020.
- Xue Y., Sun D., Wang L., Xu Y., A Double-Layered Model For Near-Field Temperature In A Nuclear Waste Repository, Progress in Nuclear Energy, 133, 103646, ISSN 0149-1970, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnucene.2021.103646, 2021.
- Wersin, P., Lawrence H. J., Snellman, M., Impact of Iron Released from Steel Components on the Performance of the Bentonite Buffer: A Preliminary Assessment within the Framework of the KBS-3H Disposal Concept. In Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, Volume 932, 2006.
- Xu, Y., Jiang, L., Liu, J., Zhang, Y., Xu, Jinxia and He, G., Experimental study and modeling on effective thermal conductivity of EPS lightweight concrete. Journal of Thermal Science and Technology. Volume 11, 11. 10.1299/jtst.2016jtst0023. 2016.
- Gökalp Z., Taş İ., Uzun O., et al., Yeralti Suyu Kirliliğini Önlemeye Dönük Bariyer Tasarımı.34, 122-131, 2017. https://doi: 10.13002/jafag4414
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | İnşaat Mühendisliği |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | 217M553 |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 20 Eylül 2023 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Ocak 2024 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 18 Ocak 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2024 Cilt: 35 Sayı: 1 |
