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Geological and Geochemical Characteristics of Late Ordovician Volcanic Levels of the Gözdağ Formation in the İstanbul-Zonguldak Tectonic Unit (NW Turkey): Implications for Global Events During the Ordovician

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 66 Sayı: 3, 325 - 350, 20.08.2023

Fatih Şen

https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.1217648

Öz

The İstanbul-Zonguldak Tectonic Unit is regarded as the easternmost fragment of Avalonia-Carolina and designated as Far East Avalonia. Its stratigraphy is characterized by discontinuous sedimentation from Late Ediacaran to Late Carboniferous. In the western part of the block, known as İstanbul Terrane, the Gözdağ Formation is represented by lagoonal sedimentary rocks consisting of shale-sandstone with limestone of Middle Ordovician-Lower Silurian age. Here, I report on stratigraphic positions and petrographical and geochemical data of fine- and coarse-grained tuffs and lavas in the Late Ordovician strata of the Gözdağ Formation. The fine- and coarse-grained tuffs have pyroclastic and the lavas have porphyritic, vitrophyric and aphanitic textures. The fine-and coarse-grained tuffs are of Sandbian and Katian ages, and the lavas have Hirnantian ages, according to the stratigraphic positions of the Late Ordovician volcanic rocks. The fine-grained tuffs have high potassium calc-alkaline, and the coarse-grained tuffs and lavas have a calc-alkaline character. They are devoid of noticeable with-in plate components, as deduced by the presence of obvious negative Nb anomalies, and they have subduction signatures. In conjunction with data from the literature, the Sandbian fine-grained tuffs were deposited in a lagoonal depocenter in the İstanbul-Zonguldak Tectonic Unit in the earliest Late Ordovician due to multiple Plinian-type eruptions during the last phase of the Taconic orogeny, which formed between the Piedmont Terrane and Laurentia. The Katian coarse-grained tuffs were products of volcanic activities formed in the arc settings during the last stage of depletion of the Teisseyre-Tornquist Ocean, lying between Avalonia and Baltica. The Hirnantian lavas were formed by flowing in a lagoonal depocenter of the İstanbul-Zonguldak Tectonic Unit during the soft-docking of Avalonia and Baltica, known as the pre-Caledonian orogeny.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Far East Avalonia Gözdağ Formation İstanbul-Zonguldak Tectonic Unit Ordovician Volcanic Rocks

Kaynakça

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İstanbul-Zonguldak Tektonik Birliği'ndeki Gözdağ Formasyonu'nun Üst Ordovisiyen Yaşlı Volkanik Seviyelerinin Jeolojik ve Jeokimyasal Özellikleri (KB Türkiye): Ordovisiyen Sırasındaki Küresel Olaylar İçin Çıkarımlar / Geological and Geochemical Characteristics of Late Ordovician Volcanic Levels of the Gözdağ Formation in the İstanbul-Zonguldak Tectonic Unit (NW Turkey): Implications for Global Events During the Ordovician

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 66 Sayı: 3, 325 - 350, 20.08.2023

Fatih Şen

https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.1217648

Öz

İstanbul-Zonguldak Tektonik Birliği, Avalonya-Karolina'nın en doğudaki parçası olarak kabul edilir ve Uzak Doğu Avalonya'yı temsil eder. Stratigrafisi ayrıca Üst Ediyakaran'dan Üst Karbonifer'e kadar kesintili sedimantasyon ile karakterize edilir. Bloğun İstanbul Birliği olarak bilinen batı kesiminde Gözdağ Formasyonu, Orta Ordovisiyen-Alt Silüriyen yaşlı şeyl-kumtaşı kireçtaşından oluşan lagünel tortul kayaçlarla temsil edilmektedir. Burada, Gözdağ Formasyonu'nun Üst Ordovisiyen tabakalarındaki ince- ve kaba-taneli tüflerin ve lavların stratigrafik konumları ile petrografik ve jeokimyasal verilerini rapor ediyorum. İnce- ve kaba- taneli tüfler piroklastik, lavlar ise porfirik, vitrofirik ve afanitik dokuludur. Üst Ordovisiyen yaşlı volkanik kayaçların stratigrafik konumlarına göre, ince- ve kaba-taneli tüfler Sandbiyen ve Katiyen, lavlar ise Hirnansiyen yaşlıdır. İnce-taneli tüfler yüksek potasyumlu kalk-alkali, kaba-taneli tüfler ve lavlar kalk-alkali karaktere sahiptir. Fark edilebilir negatif Nb anomalilerinin varlığından anlaşıldığı gibi, bariz plaka içi bileşenlerden yoksundurlar ve yitim imzalarına sahiptirler. Literatürden elde edilen verilerle bağlantılı olarak, Sandbiyen ince-taneli tüfler Piedmont Birliği ile Lavrensiya arasında en erken geç Ordovisiyen' de oluşan Takonik orojenezinin son evresi sırasında çoklu pliniyen-tipi patlamaların bir sonucu olarak İstanbul-Zonguldak Tektonik Birliği'ndeki bir lagün alanında çökelmiştir. Katiyen kaba-taneli tüfler Avalonya ile Baltika arasında uzanan Teisseyre-Tornquist Okyanusu'nun tüketilmesinin son aşamasında yay ortamında meydana gelen volkanların ürünleridir. Hirnansiyen lavları ise Kaledoniyen öncesi orojenezi olarak bilinen Avalonya ve Baltika'nın yumuşak yanaşması sırasında İstanbul-Zonguldak Tektonik Birliği' nin bir lagün ortamında akarak oluşmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gözdağ Formasyonu İstanbul-Zonguldak Tektonik Birliği Ordovisiyen Uzak Doğu Avalonya Volkanik Kayaçlar

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  • Yalçın, M. N. & Yılmaz, İ. (2010). Devonian in Turkey—a review. Geologica Carpathica, 61, 235–253.
  • Yılmaz-Şahin, S., Aysal, N. & Güngör, Y. (2012). Petrogenesis of late cretaceous adakitic magmatism in the İstanbul zone (Çavuşbaşı Granodiorite. NW Turkey): Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 21(6), 1029-1045.
  • Yiğitbaş, E., Elmas, A. & Yılmaz, Y. (1999). Pre-Cenozoic tectono stratigraphic components of the Western Pontides and their geological evolution. Geological Journal, 34, 55–74. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1034(199901/06)34:1/2<55::AID-GJ814>3.0.CO;2-0
  • Yiğitbaş, E., Kerrich, R., Yılmaz, Y., Elmas, A. & Xie. Q. (2004). Characteristics and geochemistry of Precambrian ophiolites and related volcanics from the Istanbul —Zonguldak Unit, northwestern Anatolia, Turkey: Following the missing chain of the Precambrian south European Suture zone to the east. Precambrian Research, 132(1–2), 179–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2004.03.003
  • Yiğitbaş, E., Winchester, J. A. & Ottley, C. J. (2008). The geochemistry and setting of the Demirci paragneisses of the Sünnice (Bolu) Massif. NW Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 17(3), 421–431. https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/earth/vol17/iss3/1
  • Yiğitbaş, E. & Tunç, İ. O. (2020). Pre-Cambrian Metamorphic Rocks of the Sakarya Zone in the Biga Peninsula; Late Ediacaran Gondwanaland Active Continental Margin. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni, 63(3), 277-302. https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.589144
  • Zagorchev, I., Balica, C., Kozhoukharova, E., Balintoni, I.C., Sabau, G. & Negulescu, E. (2015). Cadomian and post-cadomian tectonics west of the Rhodope Massif – the Frolosh greenstone belt and the Ograzhdenian metamorphic supercomplex. Geologica Macedonica, 29(2), 101–132.
  • Zagorevski, A., van Staal, C.R., McNicoll, V., Rogers, N. & Valverde-Vaquero, P. (2008). Tectonic architecture of an arc-arc collision zone, Newfoundland Appalachians. Geological Society of America Special Papers, 436, 309–333.
Toplam 91 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Genel Jeoloji, Mineraloji-Petrografi, Jeokronoloji, Yapısal Jeoloji ve Tektonik
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Fatih Şen 0000-0002-9227-6324

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Ağustos 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Aralık 2022
Kabul Tarihi 16 Mayıs 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 66 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Şen, F. (2023). Geological and Geochemical Characteristics of Late Ordovician Volcanic Levels of the Gözdağ Formation in the İstanbul-Zonguldak Tectonic Unit (NW Turkey): Implications for Global Events During the Ordovician. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni, 66(3), 325-350. https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.1217648
AMA Şen F. Geological and Geochemical Characteristics of Late Ordovician Volcanic Levels of the Gözdağ Formation in the İstanbul-Zonguldak Tectonic Unit (NW Turkey): Implications for Global Events During the Ordovician. Türkiye Jeol. Bült. Ağustos 2023;66(3):325-350. doi:10.25288/tjb.1217648
Chicago Şen, Fatih. “Geological and Geochemical Characteristics of Late Ordovician Volcanic Levels of the Gözdağ Formation in the İstanbul-Zonguldak Tectonic Unit (NW Turkey): Implications for Global Events During the Ordovician”. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni 66, sy. 3 (Ağustos 2023): 325-50. https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.1217648.
EndNote Şen F (01 Ağustos 2023) Geological and Geochemical Characteristics of Late Ordovician Volcanic Levels of the Gözdağ Formation in the İstanbul-Zonguldak Tectonic Unit (NW Turkey): Implications for Global Events During the Ordovician. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni 66 3 325–350.
IEEE F. Şen, “Geological and Geochemical Characteristics of Late Ordovician Volcanic Levels of the Gözdağ Formation in the İstanbul-Zonguldak Tectonic Unit (NW Turkey): Implications for Global Events During the Ordovician”, Türkiye Jeol. Bült., c. 66, sy. 3, ss. 325–350, 2023, doi: 10.25288/tjb.1217648.
ISNAD Şen, Fatih. “Geological and Geochemical Characteristics of Late Ordovician Volcanic Levels of the Gözdağ Formation in the İstanbul-Zonguldak Tectonic Unit (NW Turkey): Implications for Global Events During the Ordovician”. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni 66/3 (Ağustos 2023), 325-350. https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.1217648.
JAMA Şen F. Geological and Geochemical Characteristics of Late Ordovician Volcanic Levels of the Gözdağ Formation in the İstanbul-Zonguldak Tectonic Unit (NW Turkey): Implications for Global Events During the Ordovician. Türkiye Jeol. Bült. 2023;66:325–350.
MLA Şen, Fatih. “Geological and Geochemical Characteristics of Late Ordovician Volcanic Levels of the Gözdağ Formation in the İstanbul-Zonguldak Tectonic Unit (NW Turkey): Implications for Global Events During the Ordovician”. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni, c. 66, sy. 3, 2023, ss. 325-50, doi:10.25288/tjb.1217648.
Vancouver Şen F. Geological and Geochemical Characteristics of Late Ordovician Volcanic Levels of the Gözdağ Formation in the İstanbul-Zonguldak Tectonic Unit (NW Turkey): Implications for Global Events During the Ordovician. Türkiye Jeol. Bült. 2023;66(3):325-50.
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