INVESTIGATION OF ACTIVE FAILURE SURFACES OCCURRING BEHIND THE T TYPE CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL

Hakan Alper Kamiloğlu; Fatih Yılmaz; Erol Şadoğlu

Araştırma Makalesi

INVESTIGATION OF ACTIVE FAILURE SURFACES OCCURRING BEHIND THE T TYPE CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 18 - 31, 30.06.2021

Hakan Alper Kamiloğlu Fatih Yılmaz Erol Şadoğlu

Öz

Determination of lateral earth pressure plays a vital role in retaining wall design. Failure surfaces are very effective in active lateral earth pressure acting on cantilever retaining walls. Calculations of lateral earth thrusts vary for two different cases, namely short heel or long heel, based on the intersection of T type cantilever wall and failure surface. In this study, the effect of heel length on an active failure mechanism was examined with numerical simulation based on FEM. The results of the numerical analyses were compared with the results of small-scale model tests and an analytical method. In comparison, the inclination angle of active failure surfaces was taken into account. An earth thrust maximization code suggested in the literature was used to determine failure surface inclination angles analytically. In order to determine failure inclination experimentally, results of small scale tests were used. In the tests, failure surfaces were determined using particle image velocimetry technique (PIV). Numerical analysis was performed using commercially available finite element program Plaxis 2D. The same material properties are used in all numerical models. As a result of the study short heel-long heel cases and effective parameters on the inclination angles of the failure surfaces are explained elaborately.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Inverted T cantilever retaining wall, Failure surface, Short heel, Long heel

Teşekkür

I would like to express my deepest appreciation to organizing committee of TICMET19 in the selection of my study which was presented in the conference organized on 10-12 October, 2019 in Gaziantep University” in Acknowledgement Section of your manuscript.

Kaynakça

1. Rahardjo, H., and Fredlund, D.G. General limit equilibrium method for lateral earth force, Canadian Geotechnical Journal. 2011, 21(1):166-175, DOI: 10.1139/t84-013.
2. Kamiloğlu, H. A. and Şadoğlu, E. Experimental and theoretical investigation of short and long heel cases of cantilever retaining walls in active state, Int. J. Geomech., 2019, 19(5): 04019023, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001389.
3. Ouyang, C., Xu, Q., He, S., Luo, Y. and Wu,Y. A generalized limit equilibrium method for the solution of active earth pressure on a retaining wall, Journal of Mountain Science, 2019, 10(6):1018-1027, DOI: 10.1007/s11629-013-2576-x.
4. Cao, W., Liu, T., Xu, Z. Estimation of active earth pressure on inclined retaining wall based on simplified principal stress trajectory method, Int. J. Geomech., 2019, 19(7): 06019011, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001447.
5. Liu, X.R., Xi, O.M., and Yang, X. Upper bound limit analysis of passive earth pressure of cohesive backfill on retaining wall, Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2013, 353-356:895-900, DOI:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.353-356.895.
6. Farzaneh, O., Askari, F., and Fatemi, J. Active earth pressure induced by strip loads on a backfill, Int. J. Civ. Eng., 2013, 12(4):281-291.
7. Chen, W.F., and Rosenfarb, J.L. Limit analysis solutions of earth pressure problems. Soils Found., 1973, 13(4): 45-60.
8. Keshavarz, A., and Ebrahimi, M. Axisymmetric active lateral earth pressure for c-Φ soils using the stress characteristics method. Scientia Iranica A. 2017, 24(5): 2332-2345, DOI:10.24200/sci.2017.4155
9. Keshavarz, A., and Ebrahimi, M. The effects of the soil-wall adhesion and friction angle on the active lateral earth pressure of circular retaining walls, Int. J. Civ. Eng. 2016, 14: 97-105, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40999-016-0016-3
10. Kumar, J., and Chitikela, S. Seismic passive earth pressure coefficients using the method of characteristics, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 2002, 39(2): 463-471, https://doi.org/10.1139/t01-103
11. Anvar, S.A., and Ghahramani, A. Dynamic active earth pressure against retaining walls, Proceedings: Third International Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, 2013, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
12. Hu, W., Liu, K., Zhu, X., Tong, X., and Zhou, X. Active earth pressure against rigid retaining walls for finite soils in sloping condition considering shear stress and soil arching effect, Hindawi Advances in Civil Engineering, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6791301.
13. Hamidi, P., Akhlaghi, T., and Bonab, M.H. Finite element limit analysis of active earth pressure in nonhomogeneous soils, Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 2016, 64(4):1131-1138, DOI: 10.11118/actaun201664041131.
14. Tang, L., Cong, S., Xing, W., Ling, X., Geng, L., and Gan, F. Finite element analysis of lateral earth pressure on sheet pile walls, Engineering Geology, 2018, 244:146-158, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.07.030.
15. Hsin, K., and Liu, C.N. Finite element analysis of earth pressures for narrow retaining walls, Journal of GeoEngineering, 2007, 2(2):43-52, DOI: 10.6310/jog.2007.2(2).1
16. Fan, C.C., and Fang, Y.S. Numerical solution of active earth pressures on rigid retaining walls built near rock faces, Computers and Geotechnics, 2010, 37:1023-1029, DOI:10.1016/j.compgeo.2010.08.004
17. Lu, H., and Yuan, B. Calculation of passive earth pressure of cohesive soil based on Culmann's method, Water Science and Engineering, 2011, 35(1): DOI:10.3882/j.issn.1674-2370.2011.01.010
18. Thakur, A.K., and Chattopadhyay, B.C. Active earth pressure on cohesion-less soil: theoretical and graphical considerations, Environmental Science, 2017, DOI:10.14445/22315381/IJETT-V49P260
19. C. A. Coulomb, Essai Sur Une Application Des Règles de Maximis & Minimis à Quelques Problèmes de Statique, Relatifs à L’architecture, des Sci. Mem. MATh. Phys. Par Divers Savants, 1776, 7: 343–382.
20. Rankine, W.J.M., On The Stability of Loose Earth, Phil. Trans. Royal Soc.,1857, 147.
21. Greco, V.R., Analytical active earth thrust on cantilever walls with short heel, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 2008, 45(12): 1649-1658, DOI: 10.1139/T08-078
22. Goh, A.T.C. Behavior of cantilever retaining walls, J. Geotech. Eng. 1993, 119(11): 1751-1770.
23. Kamiloğlu, H.A., Şadoğlu, E., and Yılmaz, F. Numerical analysis of active earth pressures on inverted T Type and semi-gravity walls. 3rd International Conference on Advanced Engineering Technologies, 2019, Bayburt, Turkey.

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 18 - 31, 30.06.2021

Hakan Alper Kamiloğlu Fatih Yılmaz Erol Şadoğlu

Öz

Kaynakça

1. Rahardjo, H., and Fredlund, D.G. General limit equilibrium method for lateral earth force, Canadian Geotechnical Journal. 2011, 21(1):166-175, DOI: 10.1139/t84-013.
2. Kamiloğlu, H. A. and Şadoğlu, E. Experimental and theoretical investigation of short and long heel cases of cantilever retaining walls in active state, Int. J. Geomech., 2019, 19(5): 04019023, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001389.
3. Ouyang, C., Xu, Q., He, S., Luo, Y. and Wu,Y. A generalized limit equilibrium method for the solution of active earth pressure on a retaining wall, Journal of Mountain Science, 2019, 10(6):1018-1027, DOI: 10.1007/s11629-013-2576-x.
4. Cao, W., Liu, T., Xu, Z. Estimation of active earth pressure on inclined retaining wall based on simplified principal stress trajectory method, Int. J. Geomech., 2019, 19(7): 06019011, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001447.
5. Liu, X.R., Xi, O.M., and Yang, X. Upper bound limit analysis of passive earth pressure of cohesive backfill on retaining wall, Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2013, 353-356:895-900, DOI:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.353-356.895.
6. Farzaneh, O., Askari, F., and Fatemi, J. Active earth pressure induced by strip loads on a backfill, Int. J. Civ. Eng., 2013, 12(4):281-291.
7. Chen, W.F., and Rosenfarb, J.L. Limit analysis solutions of earth pressure problems. Soils Found., 1973, 13(4): 45-60.
8. Keshavarz, A., and Ebrahimi, M. Axisymmetric active lateral earth pressure for c-Φ soils using the stress characteristics method. Scientia Iranica A. 2017, 24(5): 2332-2345, DOI:10.24200/sci.2017.4155
9. Keshavarz, A., and Ebrahimi, M. The effects of the soil-wall adhesion and friction angle on the active lateral earth pressure of circular retaining walls, Int. J. Civ. Eng. 2016, 14: 97-105, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40999-016-0016-3
10. Kumar, J., and Chitikela, S. Seismic passive earth pressure coefficients using the method of characteristics, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 2002, 39(2): 463-471, https://doi.org/10.1139/t01-103
11. Anvar, S.A., and Ghahramani, A. Dynamic active earth pressure against retaining walls, Proceedings: Third International Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, 2013, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
12. Hu, W., Liu, K., Zhu, X., Tong, X., and Zhou, X. Active earth pressure against rigid retaining walls for finite soils in sloping condition considering shear stress and soil arching effect, Hindawi Advances in Civil Engineering, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6791301.
13. Hamidi, P., Akhlaghi, T., and Bonab, M.H. Finite element limit analysis of active earth pressure in nonhomogeneous soils, Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 2016, 64(4):1131-1138, DOI: 10.11118/actaun201664041131.
14. Tang, L., Cong, S., Xing, W., Ling, X., Geng, L., and Gan, F. Finite element analysis of lateral earth pressure on sheet pile walls, Engineering Geology, 2018, 244:146-158, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.07.030.
15. Hsin, K., and Liu, C.N. Finite element analysis of earth pressures for narrow retaining walls, Journal of GeoEngineering, 2007, 2(2):43-52, DOI: 10.6310/jog.2007.2(2).1
16. Fan, C.C., and Fang, Y.S. Numerical solution of active earth pressures on rigid retaining walls built near rock faces, Computers and Geotechnics, 2010, 37:1023-1029, DOI:10.1016/j.compgeo.2010.08.004
17. Lu, H., and Yuan, B. Calculation of passive earth pressure of cohesive soil based on Culmann's method, Water Science and Engineering, 2011, 35(1): DOI:10.3882/j.issn.1674-2370.2011.01.010
18. Thakur, A.K., and Chattopadhyay, B.C. Active earth pressure on cohesion-less soil: theoretical and graphical considerations, Environmental Science, 2017, DOI:10.14445/22315381/IJETT-V49P260
19. C. A. Coulomb, Essai Sur Une Application Des Règles de Maximis & Minimis à Quelques Problèmes de Statique, Relatifs à L’architecture, des Sci. Mem. MATh. Phys. Par Divers Savants, 1776, 7: 343–382.
20. Rankine, W.J.M., On The Stability of Loose Earth, Phil. Trans. Royal Soc.,1857, 147.
21. Greco, V.R., Analytical active earth thrust on cantilever walls with short heel, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 2008, 45(12): 1649-1658, DOI: 10.1139/T08-078
22. Goh, A.T.C. Behavior of cantilever retaining walls, J. Geotech. Eng. 1993, 119(11): 1751-1770.
23. Kamiloğlu, H.A., Şadoğlu, E., and Yılmaz, F. Numerical analysis of active earth pressures on inverted T Type and semi-gravity walls. 3rd International Conference on Advanced Engineering Technologies, 2019, Bayburt, Turkey.

Toplam 23 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	İngilizce
Konular	Mühendislik
Bölüm	Articles
Yazarlar	Hakan Alper Kamiloğlu 0000-0003-3313-9239 Fatih Yılmaz 0000-0003-3757-5126 Erol Şadoğlu 0000-0002-7962-9834
Yayımlanma Tarihi	30 Haziran 2021
Kabul Tarihi	17 Şubat 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2021 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA	Kamiloğlu, H. A., Yılmaz, F., & Şadoğlu, E. (2021). INVESTIGATION OF ACTIVE FAILURE SURFACES OCCURRING BEHIND THE T TYPE CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL. The International Journal of Materials and Engineering Technology, 4(1), 18-31.
AMA	Kamiloğlu HA, Yılmaz F, Şadoğlu E. INVESTIGATION OF ACTIVE FAILURE SURFACES OCCURRING BEHIND THE T TYPE CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL. TIJMET. Haziran 2021;4(1):18-31.
Chicago	Kamiloğlu, Hakan Alper, Fatih Yılmaz, ve Erol Şadoğlu. “INVESTIGATION OF ACTIVE FAILURE SURFACES OCCURRING BEHIND THE T TYPE CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL”. The International Journal of Materials and Engineering Technology 4, sy. 1 (Haziran 2021): 18-31.
EndNote	Kamiloğlu HA, Yılmaz F, Şadoğlu E (01 Haziran 2021) INVESTIGATION OF ACTIVE FAILURE SURFACES OCCURRING BEHIND THE T TYPE CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL. The International Journal of Materials and Engineering Technology 4 1 18–31.
IEEE	H. A. Kamiloğlu, F. Yılmaz, ve E. Şadoğlu, “INVESTIGATION OF ACTIVE FAILURE SURFACES OCCURRING BEHIND THE T TYPE CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL”, TIJMET, c. 4, sy. 1, ss. 18–31, 2021.
ISNAD	Kamiloğlu, Hakan Alper vd. “INVESTIGATION OF ACTIVE FAILURE SURFACES OCCURRING BEHIND THE T TYPE CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL”. The International Journal of Materials and Engineering Technology 4/1 (Haziran 2021), 18-31.
JAMA	Kamiloğlu HA, Yılmaz F, Şadoğlu E. INVESTIGATION OF ACTIVE FAILURE SURFACES OCCURRING BEHIND THE T TYPE CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL. TIJMET. 2021;4:18–31.
MLA	Kamiloğlu, Hakan Alper vd. “INVESTIGATION OF ACTIVE FAILURE SURFACES OCCURRING BEHIND THE T TYPE CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL”. The International Journal of Materials and Engineering Technology, c. 4, sy. 1, 2021, ss. 18-31.
Vancouver	Kamiloğlu HA, Yılmaz F, Şadoğlu E. INVESTIGATION OF ACTIVE FAILURE SURFACES OCCURRING BEHIND THE T TYPE CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL. TIJMET. 2021;4(1):18-31.

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