Attenuation of EM Waves Emitted From Inset Feed Type Microstrip Rectangular Patch Antenna by Wet Snow

Rabia Özkan; Oğuzhan Mert; Yusuf Yılmaz; Feyza Ramazan; Mehmet Duman

doi:10.2339/politeknik.1118193

Araştırma Makalesi

Islak Kar Sebebiyle İçten Besleme Tipi Mikroşerit Dikdörtgensel Yama Antenden Yayılan EM Dalgalarının Zayıflaması

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2, 455 - 459, 27.03.2024

Rabia Özkan Oğuzhan Mert Yusuf Yılmaz Feyza Ramazan Mehmet Duman

https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.1118193

Cited By: 1

Öz

Mikroşerit yama antenler, düşük maliyetleri, küçük boyutları ve kolay imalatları nedeniyle öne çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışma, 2.6 GHz frekansında işlev gören bir mikroşerit dikdörtgensel yama antenin tasarımını ve farklı hava koşullarının anten üzerindeki etkisini göstermektedir. CST programında anten tasarımı ve laboratuvarda antenin imalatı sonrasında istenilen frekans ve desibel seviyesinde ölçüm yapılmıştır. Bu uygulama, VNA ile yapılan normal ölçümlerin dışında, farklı kar tipleri ile birlikte yapılan deneyleri ve sonuçları da içermektedir. Tasarlanan mikroşerit yama antenin, merkez frekansta, -18.48 dB olarak iyi bir S11 saçılma parametresi değeri elde edilmiştir. Anten üzerinde zayıflama ve termal etkiler nedeniyle ıslak kar olduğu durumlarda bu değer -5 dB civarına düşmüştür. Antenden kar kaldırılsa da karın bıraktığı ıslaklık nedeniyle eski S11 değeri tekrar elde edilememiştir ve yaklaşık -14 dB'ye ulaşılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, elektromanyetik dalgaların zayıflaması ıslak kar gibi farklı koşullar altında nano VNA ile yapılan araştırmalara göre ilk kez test edilmiş ve literatürdeki bilgilere göre uyumlu sonuçlar alınmıştır. Islak kar ve su ile olan zayıflama, içinde boşluklar bulunan kuru kara göre daha fazladır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

zayıflama ve termal etki, kar ve ıslaklık, mikroşerit yama anten, nano VNA ölçümü

Kaynakça

[1] Balanis C.A., “Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design”, 4th ed. In John Wiley & Sons, Inc., (2016).
[2] Pozar D.M., “Microwave Engineering”, 4th ed. In John Wiley &Sons, Inc., (2012).
[3] Kumar M., Sujith N., “Enhancement of Bandwidth and Gain of a Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna”, Department of Electronics and Communication Eng., National Institute of Technology, Thesis, Rourkela, (2010).
[4] Belen A., Güneş F., “Design and Realization of Dual Band Microstrip SIW Antenna”, Sigma J. Eng. & Nat. Sci., 38(1), (2020).
[5] Ramesh M., Yip K.B., “Design formula for inset fed microstrip patch antenna”, J. of Microwaves and Optoelectronics, 3(3), (2003).
[6] Matin M.A., Sayeed A.I., “A design rule for inset-fed rectangular microstrip patch antenna”, WSEAS Transactions on Communication, 9(1), (2010).
[7] Abdulhussein A.M., Khidhir A.H., Naser A.A., “Design and Implementation of Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Inset Feed Technique for 2.4 GHz Applications”, Int. J. of Microwave and Optical Technology, 16(4), (2021).
[8] Ahamed M., Bhowmik K., Suman A.A., “Analysis And Design of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna On Different Resonant Frequencies For Pervasive Wireless Communication”, Int. J. of Scientific & Tech. Research, 1(5), (2012).
[9] Farooq W., Ur-Rehman M., Abbasi Q.H., Maqbool K.Q., Qaraqe K., “Study of a microstrip patch antenna with multiple circular slots for portable devices”, IEEE 8th GCC Conference and Exhibition, GCCCE, (2015). https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEEGCC.2015.7060037
[10] Marhoon H. M., “Design and Optimisation of Microstrip Bowtie Antenna Based on Graphene Material for Terahertz Applications”, J. of Polytechnic, 1-1, (2022).
[11] Han C., Duan S., “Impact of atmospheric parameters on the propagated signal power of millimeter-wave bands based on real measurement data”, IEEE Access, 7, (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2933025
[12] Yujiri L., Shoucri M., Moffa P., “Passive millimeter wave imaging”, IEEE microwave magazine, 4(3): 39-50, (2003).
[13] Chen C., “Attenuation of EM Radiation by Haze, Fog, Clouds and Rain”, United States Air Force Project Rand, Santa Monica, CA, (1975).
[14] Dikun J., Jankunas V., Guseinoviene E., Galdikas L., Akinci T.C., “Effects of weather conditions on electromagnetic field parameters”, 10th Int. Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies, EVER, (2015). https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2015.7112935
[15] Tamoiunaite M., Tamoiunas S., Ilinskas M., Tamoiuniene M., “Atmospheric Attenuation due to Humidity”, Electromagnetic Waves, (2011). https://doi.org/10.5772/21430
[16] Fares M.A., Fares S.C., Ventrice C.A., “Attenuation of the electromagnetic waves due to moist and wet snow”, Proc. IEEE SoutheastCon, 99-104, (2007).
[17] Şeker Ş.S., Kunter F., “Simulation of discrete electromagnetic propagation model for atmospheric effects on mobile communication”, Turkish J. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sci., 21(1): 1944-1955, (2013). https://doi.org/10.3906/elk-1204-12
[18] Amaya C., García-Rubia J.-M., Bouchard P., Nguyen T., “Experimental assessment of snow-induced attenuation on an Earth-space link operating at Ka-band”, Radio Sci., 49: 933-944, (2014).
[19] Renaud D.L., Federici J.F., “Terahertz Attenuation in Snow and Sleet”, J. of Infrared, 40(8): 868–877, (2019).

Attenuation of EM Waves Emitted From Inset Feed Type Microstrip Rectangular Patch Antenna by Wet Snow

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2, 455 - 459, 27.03.2024

Rabia Özkan Oğuzhan Mert Yusuf Yılmaz Feyza Ramazan Mehmet Duman

https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.1118193

Cited By: 1

Öz

Microstrip patch antennas stand out because of their low cost, smaller size and easy fabrication. The study presents the design of a microstrip rectangular patch antenna operating at 2.6 GHz frequency and the effect of different weather conditions on the antenna. During the antenna design on CST program and manufacturing in the laboratory, it is aimed to perform the measurement at the desired frequency and decibel level. The study includes experiments and results made on different types of snow, apart from the normal measurement with the VNA. A good S11 scattering value was obtained at the desired frequency in the designed microstrip patch antenna as -18.48 dB. This value decreased to around -5 dB when there was wet snow on the antenna due to attenuation and thermal effects. If the snow was removed from the antenna, the old S11 value could not be returned because of the wetness left by the snow, and it remained at approximately -14 dB. Consequently, the attenuation of the electromagnetic waves have been confirmed by the literature under different conditions as wet snow with nano VNA for the first time. Attenuation by wet snow and water is greater than dry snow with voids.

Anahtar Kelimeler

attenuation and thermal effects, snow and wetness, microstrip patch antenna, nano VNA measurement

Kaynakça

[1] Balanis C.A., “Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design”, 4th ed. In John Wiley & Sons, Inc., (2016).
[2] Pozar D.M., “Microwave Engineering”, 4th ed. In John Wiley &Sons, Inc., (2012).
[3] Kumar M., Sujith N., “Enhancement of Bandwidth and Gain of a Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna”, Department of Electronics and Communication Eng., National Institute of Technology, Thesis, Rourkela, (2010).
[4] Belen A., Güneş F., “Design and Realization of Dual Band Microstrip SIW Antenna”, Sigma J. Eng. & Nat. Sci., 38(1), (2020).
[5] Ramesh M., Yip K.B., “Design formula for inset fed microstrip patch antenna”, J. of Microwaves and Optoelectronics, 3(3), (2003).
[6] Matin M.A., Sayeed A.I., “A design rule for inset-fed rectangular microstrip patch antenna”, WSEAS Transactions on Communication, 9(1), (2010).
[7] Abdulhussein A.M., Khidhir A.H., Naser A.A., “Design and Implementation of Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Inset Feed Technique for 2.4 GHz Applications”, Int. J. of Microwave and Optical Technology, 16(4), (2021).
[8] Ahamed M., Bhowmik K., Suman A.A., “Analysis And Design of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna On Different Resonant Frequencies For Pervasive Wireless Communication”, Int. J. of Scientific & Tech. Research, 1(5), (2012).
[9] Farooq W., Ur-Rehman M., Abbasi Q.H., Maqbool K.Q., Qaraqe K., “Study of a microstrip patch antenna with multiple circular slots for portable devices”, IEEE 8th GCC Conference and Exhibition, GCCCE, (2015). https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEEGCC.2015.7060037
[10] Marhoon H. M., “Design and Optimisation of Microstrip Bowtie Antenna Based on Graphene Material for Terahertz Applications”, J. of Polytechnic, 1-1, (2022).
[11] Han C., Duan S., “Impact of atmospheric parameters on the propagated signal power of millimeter-wave bands based on real measurement data”, IEEE Access, 7, (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2933025
[12] Yujiri L., Shoucri M., Moffa P., “Passive millimeter wave imaging”, IEEE microwave magazine, 4(3): 39-50, (2003).
[13] Chen C., “Attenuation of EM Radiation by Haze, Fog, Clouds and Rain”, United States Air Force Project Rand, Santa Monica, CA, (1975).
[14] Dikun J., Jankunas V., Guseinoviene E., Galdikas L., Akinci T.C., “Effects of weather conditions on electromagnetic field parameters”, 10th Int. Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies, EVER, (2015). https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2015.7112935
[15] Tamoiunaite M., Tamoiunas S., Ilinskas M., Tamoiuniene M., “Atmospheric Attenuation due to Humidity”, Electromagnetic Waves, (2011). https://doi.org/10.5772/21430
[16] Fares M.A., Fares S.C., Ventrice C.A., “Attenuation of the electromagnetic waves due to moist and wet snow”, Proc. IEEE SoutheastCon, 99-104, (2007).
[17] Şeker Ş.S., Kunter F., “Simulation of discrete electromagnetic propagation model for atmospheric effects on mobile communication”, Turkish J. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sci., 21(1): 1944-1955, (2013). https://doi.org/10.3906/elk-1204-12
[18] Amaya C., García-Rubia J.-M., Bouchard P., Nguyen T., “Experimental assessment of snow-induced attenuation on an Earth-space link operating at Ka-band”, Radio Sci., 49: 933-944, (2014).
[19] Renaud D.L., Federici J.F., “Terahertz Attenuation in Snow and Sleet”, J. of Infrared, 40(8): 868–877, (2019).

Toplam 19 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	İngilizce
Konular	Mühendislik
Bölüm	Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar	Rabia Özkan Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-5804-4143 Oğuzhan Mert 0000-0002-0555-6898 Yusuf Yılmaz Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-9452-745X Feyza Ramazan Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-5090-0598 Mehmet Duman 0000-0002-0831-0172
Yayımlanma Tarihi	27 Mart 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi	18 Mayıs 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2024 Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA	Özkan, R., Mert, O., Yılmaz, Y., Ramazan, F., vd. (2024). Attenuation of EM Waves Emitted From Inset Feed Type Microstrip Rectangular Patch Antenna by Wet Snow. Politeknik Dergisi, 27(2), 455-459. https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.1118193
AMA	Özkan R, Mert O, Yılmaz Y, Ramazan F, Duman M. Attenuation of EM Waves Emitted From Inset Feed Type Microstrip Rectangular Patch Antenna by Wet Snow. Politeknik Dergisi. Mart 2024;27(2):455-459. doi:10.2339/politeknik.1118193
Chicago	Özkan, Rabia, Oğuzhan Mert, Yusuf Yılmaz, Feyza Ramazan, ve Mehmet Duman. “Attenuation of EM Waves Emitted From Inset Feed Type Microstrip Rectangular Patch Antenna by Wet Snow”. Politeknik Dergisi 27, sy. 2 (Mart 2024): 455-59. https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.1118193.
EndNote	Özkan R, Mert O, Yılmaz Y, Ramazan F, Duman M (01 Mart 2024) Attenuation of EM Waves Emitted From Inset Feed Type Microstrip Rectangular Patch Antenna by Wet Snow. Politeknik Dergisi 27 2 455–459.
IEEE	R. Özkan, O. Mert, Y. Yılmaz, F. Ramazan, ve M. Duman, “Attenuation of EM Waves Emitted From Inset Feed Type Microstrip Rectangular Patch Antenna by Wet Snow”, Politeknik Dergisi, c. 27, sy. 2, ss. 455–459, 2024, doi: 10.2339/politeknik.1118193.
ISNAD	Özkan, Rabia vd. “Attenuation of EM Waves Emitted From Inset Feed Type Microstrip Rectangular Patch Antenna by Wet Snow”. Politeknik Dergisi 27/2 (Mart 2024), 455-459. https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.1118193.
JAMA	Özkan R, Mert O, Yılmaz Y, Ramazan F, Duman M. Attenuation of EM Waves Emitted From Inset Feed Type Microstrip Rectangular Patch Antenna by Wet Snow. Politeknik Dergisi. 2024;27:455–459.
MLA	Özkan, Rabia vd. “Attenuation of EM Waves Emitted From Inset Feed Type Microstrip Rectangular Patch Antenna by Wet Snow”. Politeknik Dergisi, c. 27, sy. 2, 2024, ss. 455-9, doi:10.2339/politeknik.1118193.
Vancouver	Özkan R, Mert O, Yılmaz Y, Ramazan F, Duman M. Attenuation of EM Waves Emitted From Inset Feed Type Microstrip Rectangular Patch Antenna by Wet Snow. Politeknik Dergisi. 2024;27(2):455-9.