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Bilişsel Esneklik ve Psikolojik Esneklik Kavramlarının Karşılaştırılması

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, 119 - 130, 31.03.2022

Şebnem Aslan Fulya Turk

https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.917360
Cited By: 1

Öz

Bireyin yaşadığı zorlu olaylarla baş edebilmesi için birtakım becerilere sahip olması gerekmektedir. Bilişsel esneklik ve psikolojik esneklik de bu beceriler arasında yer almaktadır. Bilişsel esneklik kişinin hayatında karşılaştığı durumlar karşısında farklı seçeneklerinin de olduğunu fark edebilmesi, bu seçenekleri de göz önünde bulundurarak gerekirse başlangıçtaki düşüncesini değiştirebilmesi ve karar verdiği seçenek doğrultusunda davranışlarda bulunabilmesidir. Bilişsel esneklik, bilişsel davranışçı terapilerle sıklıkla ilişkilendirilen bir kavramdır. Psikolojik esneklik ise altı temel öge (kabul, anda olma, bilişsel ayrışma, bağlamsal benlik, değerler ve değerler doğrultusunda yaşam) içeren ve bireyin duygularını, düşüncelerini ve geçmişte yaşadığı olayları değiştirmeye çalışmadan kabul etmesi, anda olması, düşüncelerinden ayrışabilmesi, değerlerini belirleyip onlar doğrultusunda bir yaşam oluşturabilmesini ifade eden bir kavramdır. Psikolojik esnekliğin artırılması kabul ve kararlılık terapisindeki (ACT) temel amaçtır. Bu çalışmada öncelikle bilişsel davranışçı terapiler çerçevesinden bilişsel esneklik açıklanmakta ve alan yazındaki ilgili çalışmalar aktarılmakta; sonrasında ise benzer şekilde psikolojik esneklik ACT çerçevesinden açıklanarak bu kavrama ilişkin alan yazında yapılan çalışmalara yer verilmektedir. Son olarak bilişsel esneklik ve psikolojik esneklik benzer ve farklı yönleri açısından incelenmiş, araştırmacılara ve ruh sağlığı çalışanlarına konuya ilişkin öneriler sunulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bilişsel esneklik bilişsel davranışçı terapi psikolojik esneklik kabul ve adanmışlık terapisi.

Kaynakça

  • Albal E (2019) Madde bağımlılarında şema ve psikolojik esneklik yaklaşımlarının madde bağımlılığı şiddetine etkisi (Doktora tezi).İstanbul, İstanbul Üniversitesi.
  • Alper A, Deryakulu D (2010) Web ortamlı probleme dayalı öğrenmede bilişsel esneklik düzeyinin öğrenci başarısı ve tutumları üzerindeki etkisi. Eğitim ve Bilim, 33:49-63.
  • Altunkol F(2011)Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Bilişsel Esneklikleri İle AlgılananStres Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi(Yüksek lisans tezi). Adana, Çukurova Üniversitesi.
  • Anderson P (2002) Assessment and development of executive function (EF) during childhood. Child Neuropsychology, 8:71-82. Asıcı E, İkiz FE (2015) Mutluluğa giden bir yol: Bilişsel esneklik. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1:191-211.
  • Aydın G (2017) Assessing a model of cognitive test anxiety: The role of rumination, selfforgiveness, perfectionism cognitions and cognitive defusion through the indirect effect of psychological flexibility.(Yüksek lisans tezi).Ankara, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi.
  • Aydın G, Yerin Güneri O (2018). A study on Turkish adaptation of Drexel Defusion Scale (DDS) [Drexel Ayrışma Ölçeği’ni Türkçeye uyarlama çalışması].27. Uluslararası Eğitim Bilimleri Kongresi (ICES-UEBK), 27 Nisan, 2018. Antalya, Türkiye.Kongre Özet Kitabı sayfa: 3769-3770.
  • Azadeh SM, Kazemi-Zahrani H, Besharat MA (2016) Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on interpersonal problemsand psychological flexibility in female high school students with social anxiety disorder. Global Journal of Health Science, 8:131.
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  • Beck AT (1976) Cognitive Therapy and the Emotional Disorders. New York, International Universities Press.
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  • Bennet R, Oliver JE (2019)Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, 1. Baskı. New York, Routledge.
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  • Bilgin M (2009) Bilişsel esnekliği yordayan bazı değişkenler. Çukurova Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(36):142-157.
  • Bilgin M (2017) Ergenlerin Beş Faktör Kişilik Özelliği ile Bilişsel Esneklik İlişkisi. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 16:62.
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Comparison of Concepts of Cognitive Flexibility and Psychological Flexibility

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, 119 - 130, 31.03.2022

Şebnem Aslan Fulya Turk

https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.917360
Cited By: 1

Öz

Individuals need to have some abilities in order to cope with the difficulties that they may experience. Cognitive flexibility and psychological flexibility are within the scope of these abilities. Cognitive flexibility is a person’s being capable of having awareness about alternative options throughout his/her life, and being able to change initial thoughts by taking into consideration these options, and behaving according to the option that they chose. Cognitive flexibility is a concept that has been frequently associated with cognitive behavioral therapies. Psychological flexibility is based on six main components (acceptance, contact with the present moment, cognitive defusion, self as context, values and committed action) and it includes one’s accepting his/her feelings, thoughts and past experiences without trying to change them, living in the present moment, defusing from his/her thoughts, and living a value directed life by determining his/her values. Increasing the level of psychological flexibility is the main purpose of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). In this study, firstly cognitive flexibility was explained in the perspective of cognitive behavioral therapies, and related studies in literature were referred. After that, psychological flexibility was explained in the perspective of ACT, and studies related to this concept were presented in a similar way. Finally, cognitive flexibility and psychological flexibility were examined in terms of their similar and different aspects. Additionally, associated suggestions were presented for researchers and mental health professionals.

Anahtar Kelimeler

cognitive flexibility cognitive bahvioral therapy psychological flexibility acceptance and commitment therapy

Kaynakça

  • Albal E (2019) Madde bağımlılarında şema ve psikolojik esneklik yaklaşımlarının madde bağımlılığı şiddetine etkisi (Doktora tezi).İstanbul, İstanbul Üniversitesi.
  • Alper A, Deryakulu D (2010) Web ortamlı probleme dayalı öğrenmede bilişsel esneklik düzeyinin öğrenci başarısı ve tutumları üzerindeki etkisi. Eğitim ve Bilim, 33:49-63.
  • Altunkol F(2011)Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Bilişsel Esneklikleri İle AlgılananStres Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi(Yüksek lisans tezi). Adana, Çukurova Üniversitesi.
  • Anderson P (2002) Assessment and development of executive function (EF) during childhood. Child Neuropsychology, 8:71-82. Asıcı E, İkiz FE (2015) Mutluluğa giden bir yol: Bilişsel esneklik. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1:191-211.
  • Aydın G (2017) Assessing a model of cognitive test anxiety: The role of rumination, selfforgiveness, perfectionism cognitions and cognitive defusion through the indirect effect of psychological flexibility.(Yüksek lisans tezi).Ankara, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi.
  • Aydın G, Yerin Güneri O (2018). A study on Turkish adaptation of Drexel Defusion Scale (DDS) [Drexel Ayrışma Ölçeği’ni Türkçeye uyarlama çalışması].27. Uluslararası Eğitim Bilimleri Kongresi (ICES-UEBK), 27 Nisan, 2018. Antalya, Türkiye.Kongre Özet Kitabı sayfa: 3769-3770.
  • Azadeh SM, Kazemi-Zahrani H, Besharat MA (2016) Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on interpersonal problemsand psychological flexibility in female high school students with social anxiety disorder. Global Journal of Health Science, 8:131.
  • Beck A(2001) Bilişsel Danışma Temel İlkeler ve Ötesi (Çeviri Ed. NH Şahin). Ankara, Türk PsikologlarDerneği Yayınları.
  • Beck AT (1976) Cognitive Therapy and the Emotional Disorders. New York, International Universities Press.
  • Bedel A, Ulubey E (2015) Ergenlerde Başa Çıkma Stratejilerini Açıklamada Bilişsel Esnekliğin Rolü. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 14:55.
  • Bennet R, Oliver JE (2019)Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, 1. Baskı. New York, Routledge.
  • Ben-Zion Z, Fine NB, Keynan NJ, Admon R, Green N, Halevi M et al. (2018) Cognitive flexibility predicts PTSD symptoms: Observational and interventional studies. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9:477.
  • Bilgin M (2009) Bilişsel esnekliği yordayan bazı değişkenler. Çukurova Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(36):142-157.
  • Bilgin M (2017) Ergenlerin Beş Faktör Kişilik Özelliği ile Bilişsel Esneklik İlişkisi. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 16:62.
  • Biron M, Van VeldhovenM (2012) Emotional labour in service work: Psychological flexibility and emotion regulation. Human Relations, 65:1259-1282.
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  • Forman EM, Herbert JD (2009) New directions in cognitive behavior therapy: Acceptance- based therapies(Eds. WT O’Donohue, JE Fisher):77-101. NYC, John Wiley & Sons.
  • Gülüm İV, Dağ İ(2012)Tekrarlayıcı Düşünme Ölçeği ve Bilişsel EsneklikEnvanterinin Türkçeye uyarlanması, geçerliliği ve güvenirliği. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 13:216-223.
  • Gündüz B (2013) Bağlanma stilleri, akılcı olmayan inançlar ve psikolojik belirtilerin bilişsel esnekliği yordamadaki katkıları. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri, 13:2071-2085.
  • Harris R (2009) ACT Made Simple: An Easy-to-Read Primer on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications, Inc.
  • Harris R (2016). Kabul ve kararlılık terapisi. ACT’i kolay öğrenmek: ilkeler ve ötesi için hızlı bir başlangıç(Çeviri Ed. HTKaratepe, KF Yavuz). İstanbul, Litera Yayıncılık.
  • Hayes SC (2004) Acceptance and commitment therapy, relational frame theory, and the third wave of behavioral and cognitive therapies. Behavior therapy, 35:639-665.
  • Hayes SC, Lillis, J. (2012)Acceptance and commitment therapy: Theories ofpsychotherapy series. Washington, American Psychological Association.
  • Hayes S, Strosahl K, Bunting K, Twohig M, Wilson KG (2010) What isacceptance and commitment therapy? A practical guide to acceptance and commitment therapy, (Eds. SC Hayes, K Strosahl). New York, Springer.
  • Hayes, SC., Strosahl KD, Wilson KG (2012) Acceptance and commitment therapy: The process and practice of mindful change. New York, Guilford press.
  • Hayes S, Luoma J, Bond F, Masuda, A, Lillis, J (2006) Acceptance and commitment therapy: model, processes and outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy,44:1–25.
  • Hill A (2009). Predictors of relationship satisfaction: The link between cognitive flexibility, compassionate love and level of differentiation. Alliant International University, Los Angeles.
  • Hofmann SG, Hayes SC (2019) The future of intervention science: Process-based therapy. Clinical Psychological Science, 7:37-50.
  • Ionescu T (2012) Exploring the nature of cognitive flexibility. New Ideas in Psychology 30:190-200.
  • İnce Z (2020) Üniversite öğrencilerinde internette oyun oynama türünün kişilik bozuklukları, bilişsel esneklik ve psikolojik esneklikle ilişkisinin incelenmesi (Yüksek lisans tezi). İtanbul, Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi.
  • Johnco C, Wuthrich VM, Rapee RM (2014) The influence of cognitive flexibility on treatment outcome and cognitive restructuring skill acquisition during cognitive behavioural treatment for anxiety and depression in older adults: Results of a pilot study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 57:55-64.
  • Karakuş S (2020) Otantiklik ve yaşam yaşam doyumunun aleksitimi ile açıklanmasında psikolojik esnekliğin aracı rolü (Yüksek lisans tezi). Mersin, Mersin Üniversitesi.
  • Köroğlu E, Türkçapar MH(2009) Psikoterapi Yöntemleri: Kuramlar ve Uygulama Yönergeleri. Ankara, HYB Yayınları. Kuşcu B (2019) Bireylerin evlilik uyumlarının psikolojik esneklik, affetme ve benlik kurgusu açısından incelenmesi(Yüksek lisans tezi).İstanbul, Marmara Üniversitesi.
  • Leahy RL, Tirch DD, Melwani, PS (2012) Processes underlying depression: Risk aversion, emotional schemas, and psychological flexibility. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 5:362-379.
  • Levin ME, Krafft, J, Pistorello J, Seeley, JR (2019) Assessing psychological inflexibility in university students: Development and validation of the acceptance and action questionnaire for university students (AAQ-US). Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 12:199-206.
  • Lucas, JJ, Moore KA (2020) Psychological flexibility: positive implications for mental health and life satisfaction. Health promotion international, 35:312-320.
  • Luoma J, Drake CE, Kohlenberg BS, Hayes, SC (2011) Substance abuse and psychological flexibility: The development of a new measure. Addiction Research & Theory, 19:3-13.
  • Luoma JB, Kohlenberg BS, Hayes SC, Fletcher L (2012) Slow and steady wins the race: A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy targeting shame in substance use disorders. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 80:43.
  • Luoma JB, Hayes SC (2009) General principles and empirically supported techniques of cognitive behavior therapy. NYC, Wiley & Sons.
  • Marshall EJ, Brockman RN (2016) The relationships between psychological flexibility, self-compassion, and emotional well-being. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 30:60-72.
  • Masuda A, Price M, Anderson PL, Wendell JW (2010) Disordered eating-related cognition and psychological flexibility as predictors of psychological health among college students. Behavior Modification, 34:3-15.
  • Masuda A, Tully EC (2012) The role of mindfulness and psychological flexibility in somatization, depression, anxiety, and general psychological distress in a nonclinical college sample. Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine, 17:66-71.
  • Martin MM, Anderson CM (1998) The cognitive Flexibility Scale: Three validity studies. Communication Reports,11:1-9.
  • Martin MM, Anderson CM, Thweatt KS (1998) Individuals’ perceptions of their communication behaviors: A validity study of the relationship between the Cognitive Flexibility Scale and the Communication Flexibility Scale with aggressive communication traits. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 13:531-540.
  • Martin MM, Staggers, SM, Anderson CM(2011) The relationships between cognitive flexibility with dogmatism, intellectual flexibility, preference for consistency, and self-compassion. Communication Research Reports, 28:275-280.
  • Muyan-Yılık M, Demir A (2020) A pathway towards subjective well-being for Turkish University students: The roles of dispositional Hope, cognitive flexibility, and coping strategies. Journal of Happiness Studies, 21:1945-1963.
  • Nagata S, Seki Y, Shibuya T, Yokoo, M, Murata, T, Hiramatsu et al. (2018). Does cognitive behavioral therapy alter mental defeat and cognitive flexibility in patients with panic disorder?. BMC Research Notes, 11:1-7.
  • Najvani BD, Neshatdoost HT, Abedi, MR, Mokarian F (2015) The effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on depression and psychological flexibility in women with breast cancer. Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 17:29-33.
  • Hayes SC, Strosahl, KD, Wilson KG (2009) Acceptance and commitment therapy. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.NJ, NYC, John Wiley & Sons.
  • Özkan S (2020)Belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük ve sürekli kaygı arasındaki ilişkide psikolojik esnekliğin aracılık rolü (Yüksek lisans tezi). Bolu, Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi.
  • Öz S (2012)Ergenlerin cinsiyet, sosyo-ekonomik ve öğrenim kademesi düzeylerine göre bilişsel esneklik, uyum ve kaygı puanları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi(Yüksek lisans tezi).Adana, Çukurova Üniversitesi.
  • Özdel K (2015) Dünden bugüne bilişsel davranışçı terapiler: teori ve uygulama. Turkiye Klinikleri J Psychiatry-Special Topics, 8:10-20.
  • Pakenham KI, Landi G, Boccolini G, Furlani A, Grandi S, Tossani E (2020) The moderating roles of psychological flexibility and inflexibility on the mental health impacts of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown in Italy. Journal of contextual behavioral science, 17:109-118.
  • Puolakanaho A, Tolvanen A, Kinnunen SM, Lappalainen R (2020) A psychological flexibility-based intervention for Burnout: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 15:52-67.
  • Quakenbush-Roberts B (2016) The role of body image psychological flexibility on the treatment of eating disorders in a residential facility. Eating Behaviors, 23:150-155.
  • Rubin, R.B., ve Martin, M.M. (1994). The interpersonal communication competence scale. Communication Research Reports,11:33-44.
  • Ruiz FJ, Odriozola-González P (2017) The Predictive and moderating role of psychological flexibility in the development of job burnout. Universitas Psychologica, 16:282-289.
  • Sapmaz F, Doğan T (2013) Bilişsel esnekliğin değerlendirilmesi: Bilişsel Esneklik Envanteri Türkçe versiyonunun geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 46:143-162.
  • Scott W, Daly A, Yu L, McCracken LM(2017) Treatment of chronic pain for adults 65 and over: analyses of outcomes and changes in psychological flexibility following interdisciplinary acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). Pain Medicine, 18:252-264.
  • Scott W, McCracken LM (2015) Psychological flexibility, acceptance and commitment therapy, and chronic pain. Current Opinion in Psychology, 2:91-96.
  • Segal ZV, Williams, JMG, Teasdale JD (2013) Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression. New York, Guilford Publications.
  • Silberstein LR, Tirch D, Leahy RL, McGin, L (2012) Mindfulness, psychological flexibility and emotional schemas. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 5:406-419.
  • Singh L, Moh Y, Ding X, Lee K, Quinn PC (2020) Cognitive flexibility and parental education differentially predict implicit and explicit racial biases in bilingual children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 204:105059.
  • Stevens AD (2009)Social problem-solving and cognitive flexibility: Relations to social skills and problem behavior of at-risk young children (Doctoral thesis). Available from ProOuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 3359050) Terzi BE, Tekinalp ŞI (2013)Psikolojik danışmada güncel kuramlar. Ankara, Pegem Akademi.
  • Toksöz İ (2018) Evli bireylerde bağlanma stilleri ve bilişsel esnekliğin ilişki doyumuna etkisi (Doktora tezi). İstanbul, Aydın Üniversitesi.
  • Twohig MP, Vilardaga JCP, Levin, ME, Hayes SC (2015) Changes in psychological flexibility during acceptance and commitment therapy for obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 4:196-202.
  • Türkçapar HM (2018) Bilişsel Terapi Temel İlkeler ve Uygulama. Ankara, HYB Yayıncılık.
  • Yıldız-Akyol E, Boyacı M (2020) Cognitive flexibility and positivity as predictors of career future in university students. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 10:297-320.
  • Wallace DP, Woodford B, Connelly M. (2016) Promoting psychological flexibility in parents of adolescents with chronic pain: Pilot study of an 8-week group intervention. Clinical practice in pediatric psychology, 4:405.
  • Whiting DL, Deane FP, Simpson GK, McLeod HJ, Ciarrochi J (2017) Cognitive and psychological flexibility after a traumatic brain injury and the implications for treatment in acceptance-based therapies: A conceptual review, Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 27:263-299, DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2015.1062115
  • Yasinski C, Hayes AM, Ready CB, Abel A, Görg N, Kuyken W (2020) Processes of change in cognitive behavioral therapy for treatment-resistant depression: psychological flexibility, rumination, avoidance, and emotional processing. Psychotherapy Research, 30:983-997.
  • Yavuz KF (2015) Kabul ve kararlılık terapisi (ACT): genel bir bakış. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Psychiatry Special Topics, 8:21-27.
Toplam 98 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Psikoloji
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Şebnem Aslan Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-9939-3059

Fulya Turk 0000-0003-1896-8418

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mart 2022
Kabul Tarihi 27 Ağustos 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

AMA Aslan Ş, Turk F. Bilişsel Esneklik ve Psikolojik Esneklik Kavramlarının Karşılaştırılması. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. Mart 2022;14(1):119-130. doi:10.18863/pgy.917360

Cited By

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https://doi.org/10.1177/09697330231174533

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