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Effects of seed treatments on the germination of Golkoy palm (Phoenix theophrasti Greuter subsp. golkoyana Boydak)

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 14 - 22, 30.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.1029343

Öz

Datça palm (Phoenix theophrasti Greuter) is the only palm taxa in the European continent. Its subspecies, Golkoy palm (Phoenix theophrasti Greuter subsp. golkoyana Boydak) was recorded only in Turkey. This subspecies, which spreads in sensitive ecosystems, needs to be carefully protected. Although there are three natural populations of Datça palm in Turkey, there is only one population of Gölköy palm. This population is under threat due to factors such as tourism, pollution, urbanization, use of groundwater and forest fires. In this respect, the continuity of the species should be ensured by taking in-situ and ex-situ protection measures immediately. One of the ex-situ conservation measures involves the propagation of the species from seed. Cold-wet stratification is applied to remove dormancy in Gölköy palm seeds. In this study, GA3, ultrasound and vacuum applications at different times were applied to remove dormancy in seeds and shorten germination time. At the end of the study that lasted for 10 weeks, it was determined that GA3, vacuum and ultrasonic applications increased the germination rate of the seeds and shortened the germination period. While the highest germination rate was reached in the seeds treated with GA3, (91.4%), the germination rate was 88.3% and 88.6%, respectively, in 60 and 120 min ultrasound applications. The germination rate of the seeds in which vacuum was applied for 60 and 120 minutes was found to be 29.9% and 48%, respectively. The lowest germination was 6.3% in the control group seeds.

Teşekkür

Bursa Technical University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Silviculture laboratory facilities were used in this study.

Kaynakça

  • Açıkgöz, M.A., Kara, Ş.M., 2019. Effect of various pretreatments on germination of Turkish endemic Achillea gypsicola Hub.-Mor. species under in vivo and in vitro conditions. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 9(4): 2321-2329, DOI: 10.21597/jist.511469.
  • Al-Hawezy, S.M.N., 2013. The role of the different concentrations of GA3 on seed Germination and seedling growth of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica L.). IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) 4 (5) 03-06.
  • Ameta, S.C., Ameta, R., Ameta, G., 2018. Sonochemıstry an emerging green technology. Mistwell Crescent, Oakville, Canada: Apple Academic Press Inc.
  • Ashraf, M., Foolad, M.R., 2005. Pre-sowing seed treatment - A shotgun approach to improve germination, plant growth, and crop yield under saline and nonsaline conditions. Advences in Agronomy 88: 223–271. DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2113(05)88006-x.
  • Ayrancı, A., Öner, M.N., 2019. Farklı orijinli Toros Sediri (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) tohumlarında bazı ön işlemlerin çimlenmeye olan etkisi. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(1): 61-70.
  • Barclay, C., 1974. A new locality of wild Phoenix in Crete. Annales Musei Goulandris 2: 23-29.
  • Barrow, S., 1998. A revision of Phoenix. Kew Bulletin 53(3):513-575.
  • Baskin, C.C., Baskin, J.M., 2014. Seeds Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination. Second Edition, San Diego, USA: Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier.
  • Baskin, J.M., Baskin, C.C., 2004. A classification system for seed dormancy. Seed Science Research 14:1-16.
  • Bewley, J.D. Bradford, J., Hilhorst, H.W.M., Nonogaki, H., 2013. Seeds, Physiology of Development, Germination and Dormancy. 3rd Edition, New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London, UK: Springer.
  • Bewley, J.D., Black, M., 1994. Seeds: Physiology of development and germination. 2nd ed., New York, USA: Plenum Press.
  • Bishwas, K.C., Amit, K., Santosh, S., Raj Kumar, K.C., Dipendra, R., 2018. Effect of GA3 on germination parameters of different varieties of kiwi. Current Investigations in Agriculture and Current Research 4(3). CIACR. MS.ID.000186. DOI: 10.32474/CIACR.2018.04.000186.
  • Boydak, M., 1983. Ülkemizin nadide bir doğal türü Datça Hurması (Phoenix theoplırasii Greuıer). Çevre Koruma (18): 20-21.
  • Boydak, M., 1985. The distribution of Phoenix theophrasti in the Datça Peninsula, Turkey. Biological Conservation 32 (2), 129-135.
  • Boydak, M., 1986. A new natural distribution Phoenix theophrastii in Kumluca-Karaöz Turkey. Istanbul University Journal of Forest Faculty Seri A 36 (1):1-13.
  • Boydak, M., 1987. A new occurrence of P. thotheophrasti in Kumluca – Karaöz. Principes 31(2):89-95
  • Boydak, M., 1994. Bodrum-Gölköy'de saptanan yeni bir Phoenix yayılışı. İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi Seri A, 44(2), 35-45.
  • Boydak, M., 2019. A new subspecies of Phoenix theophrasti Greuter (Phoenix theophrasti Greuter subsp. golkoyana Boydak) from Turkey. Forestist 69(2): 133-144.
  • Boydak, M., Barrow, S., 1995. A new locality for Phoenix in Turkey: Gölköy-Bodrum. Principes 39(3): 117-122.
  • Boydak, M., Yaka, M., 1983. Datça Hurması (Phoenix theophrasıiı ve Datça Yarımadasında saptanan doğal yayılışı. İstanbul Universitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 4;33:73-92.
  • Braam, J., Davis, R.W., 1990. Rain, wind and touched-induced expression of calmodulin and calmodulin-related genes in Arabidopsis. Cell 60: 357-364.
  • Cetinbas, M., Koyuncu, F., 2006. Improving germination of Prunus avium L. seeds by gibberellic acid, potassium nitrate and thiourea. Horticultural Science (Prague) 33, (3): 119–123.
  • Chowdhury, E.K. Sub Lim, H., Bae, H., 2014. Update on the effects of sound wave on plants. Research in Plant Disease 20(1): 1-7, http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/RPD.2014.20.1.001.
  • Custódio, C.C., Marks, T.R., Pritchard, H.W., Hosomi, S.T., Machado-Neto, N.B., 2016. Seed Science and Technology 44, 1, 1-12. http://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2016.44.1.17.
  • Dembilio, O., Karamaouna, F., Kontodimas, D.C., Nomikou, M., Jacas, J.A., 2011. Short communication. susceptibility of Phoenix theophrasti (Palmae: Coryphoideae) to Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and its control using Steinernema carpocapsae in a chitosan formulation. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 9(2), 623-626.
  • Dilip, W.S., Singh, D., Moharana, D., Rout, S., Patra, S.S., 2017. Influence of gibberellic acid (GA3) on seed germination and seedling growth of Kagzi Lime. Journal of Scientific Agriculture 1:62-69, doi: 10.25081/jsa.2017.v1.888.
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  • Ge, J., Hu, Y., Ren, C., Guo, L., Wang, C., Sun, Shahrajabian, M.H. 2018. Effects Of GA3 and ABA on the germınatıon of dormant oat seeds. Cercetări Agronomice în Moldova Vol. LI, No. 3 (175) / 2018: 25-41.
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Gölköy hurması (Phoenix theophrasti Greuter subsp. golkoyana Boydak) tohumlarına uygulanan bazı işlemlerin çimlenme özelliklerine etkileri

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 14 - 22, 30.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.1029343

Öz

Datça hurması (Phoenix theophrasti Greuter) Avrupa kıtasının tek palmiye türüdür. Bu türün alt türü olan Gölköy hurmasının (Phoenix theophrasti Greuter subsp. golkoyana Boydak) sadece Türkiye’de kaydı bulunmaktadır. Hassas ekosistemlerde yayılış gösteren bu alt türün özenle korunması gerekir. Türkiye’de Datça hurmasının üç doğal populasyonu olmasına rağmen Gölköy hurmasının tek populasyonu bulunmaktadır. Bu popülasyon turizm, kirlenme, şehirleşme, yeraltı sularının kullanımı ve orman yangınları gibi faktörlerden dolayı varlığı tehdit altındadır. Bu bakımdan in-situ ve ex-situ koruma önlemlerinin acilen alınarak türün devamlılığı sağlanmalıdır. Ex-situ koruma önlemlerinden biri türün tohumdan çoğaltılmasını kapsamaktadır. Gölköy hurması tohumlarında dormansiyi gidermek için soğuk ıslak katlama uygulanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada tohumlardaki dormansiyi gidermek ve çimlenme süresini kısaltmak için GA3, ve farklı sürelerde ultrason ve vakum uygulamaları yapılmıştır. 10 hafta süren çalışma sonunda GA3, vakum ve ultrasonik uygulamaların tohumların çimlenme oranını artırdığı ve çimlenme süresini kısalttığı belirlenmiştir. GA3 ile muamele edilen tohumlarda %91,4 oranı ile en yüksek çimlenme oranına ulaşılırken, 60 ve 120 dk ultrason uygulamalarında çimlenme ise sırasıyla %88,3 and %88,6 oranında gerçekleşmiştir. 60 ve 120 dk vakum uygulanan tohumlarda çimlenme oranı ise sırasıyla %29,9 ve %48 olarak bulunmuştur. En düşük çimlenme ise control grubu tohumlarda %6,3 olmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Açıkgöz, M.A., Kara, Ş.M., 2019. Effect of various pretreatments on germination of Turkish endemic Achillea gypsicola Hub.-Mor. species under in vivo and in vitro conditions. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 9(4): 2321-2329, DOI: 10.21597/jist.511469.
  • Al-Hawezy, S.M.N., 2013. The role of the different concentrations of GA3 on seed Germination and seedling growth of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica L.). IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) 4 (5) 03-06.
  • Ameta, S.C., Ameta, R., Ameta, G., 2018. Sonochemıstry an emerging green technology. Mistwell Crescent, Oakville, Canada: Apple Academic Press Inc.
  • Ashraf, M., Foolad, M.R., 2005. Pre-sowing seed treatment - A shotgun approach to improve germination, plant growth, and crop yield under saline and nonsaline conditions. Advences in Agronomy 88: 223–271. DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2113(05)88006-x.
  • Ayrancı, A., Öner, M.N., 2019. Farklı orijinli Toros Sediri (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) tohumlarında bazı ön işlemlerin çimlenmeye olan etkisi. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(1): 61-70.
  • Barclay, C., 1974. A new locality of wild Phoenix in Crete. Annales Musei Goulandris 2: 23-29.
  • Barrow, S., 1998. A revision of Phoenix. Kew Bulletin 53(3):513-575.
  • Baskin, C.C., Baskin, J.M., 2014. Seeds Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination. Second Edition, San Diego, USA: Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier.
  • Baskin, J.M., Baskin, C.C., 2004. A classification system for seed dormancy. Seed Science Research 14:1-16.
  • Bewley, J.D. Bradford, J., Hilhorst, H.W.M., Nonogaki, H., 2013. Seeds, Physiology of Development, Germination and Dormancy. 3rd Edition, New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London, UK: Springer.
  • Bewley, J.D., Black, M., 1994. Seeds: Physiology of development and germination. 2nd ed., New York, USA: Plenum Press.
  • Bishwas, K.C., Amit, K., Santosh, S., Raj Kumar, K.C., Dipendra, R., 2018. Effect of GA3 on germination parameters of different varieties of kiwi. Current Investigations in Agriculture and Current Research 4(3). CIACR. MS.ID.000186. DOI: 10.32474/CIACR.2018.04.000186.
  • Boydak, M., 1983. Ülkemizin nadide bir doğal türü Datça Hurması (Phoenix theoplırasii Greuıer). Çevre Koruma (18): 20-21.
  • Boydak, M., 1985. The distribution of Phoenix theophrasti in the Datça Peninsula, Turkey. Biological Conservation 32 (2), 129-135.
  • Boydak, M., 1986. A new natural distribution Phoenix theophrastii in Kumluca-Karaöz Turkey. Istanbul University Journal of Forest Faculty Seri A 36 (1):1-13.
  • Boydak, M., 1987. A new occurrence of P. thotheophrasti in Kumluca – Karaöz. Principes 31(2):89-95
  • Boydak, M., 1994. Bodrum-Gölköy'de saptanan yeni bir Phoenix yayılışı. İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi Seri A, 44(2), 35-45.
  • Boydak, M., 2019. A new subspecies of Phoenix theophrasti Greuter (Phoenix theophrasti Greuter subsp. golkoyana Boydak) from Turkey. Forestist 69(2): 133-144.
  • Boydak, M., Barrow, S., 1995. A new locality for Phoenix in Turkey: Gölköy-Bodrum. Principes 39(3): 117-122.
  • Boydak, M., Yaka, M., 1983. Datça Hurması (Phoenix theophrasıiı ve Datça Yarımadasında saptanan doğal yayılışı. İstanbul Universitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 4;33:73-92.
  • Braam, J., Davis, R.W., 1990. Rain, wind and touched-induced expression of calmodulin and calmodulin-related genes in Arabidopsis. Cell 60: 357-364.
  • Cetinbas, M., Koyuncu, F., 2006. Improving germination of Prunus avium L. seeds by gibberellic acid, potassium nitrate and thiourea. Horticultural Science (Prague) 33, (3): 119–123.
  • Chowdhury, E.K. Sub Lim, H., Bae, H., 2014. Update on the effects of sound wave on plants. Research in Plant Disease 20(1): 1-7, http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/RPD.2014.20.1.001.
  • Custódio, C.C., Marks, T.R., Pritchard, H.W., Hosomi, S.T., Machado-Neto, N.B., 2016. Seed Science and Technology 44, 1, 1-12. http://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2016.44.1.17.
  • Dembilio, O., Karamaouna, F., Kontodimas, D.C., Nomikou, M., Jacas, J.A., 2011. Short communication. susceptibility of Phoenix theophrasti (Palmae: Coryphoideae) to Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and its control using Steinernema carpocapsae in a chitosan formulation. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 9(2), 623-626.
  • Dilip, W.S., Singh, D., Moharana, D., Rout, S., Patra, S.S., 2017. Influence of gibberellic acid (GA3) on seed germination and seedling growth of Kagzi Lime. Journal of Scientific Agriculture 1:62-69, doi: 10.25081/jsa.2017.v1.888.
  • Esener, R., 1999. Palmiyeler. Ankara, Türkiye: Palmiye Merkezi Yayını.
  • Follett, J.M., Douglas, J.A., Littler, R.A., 2005. The effect of gibberellic acid, potassium nitrate, and cold stratification on the germination of goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) seed. Comb. Proc. International Plant Propagator’s Society 55:165-170.
  • Ge, J., Hu, Y., Ren, C., Guo, L., Wang, C., Sun, Shahrajabian, M.H. 2018. Effects Of GA3 and ABA on the germınatıon of dormant oat seeds. Cercetări Agronomice în Moldova Vol. LI, No. 3 (175) / 2018: 25-41.
  • Gupta, V., 2003. Seed germination and dormancy breaking techniques for indigenous medicinal and aromatic plants. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 25: 402-407.
  • Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M., Babaç, M.T., 2012. Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi Damarlı Bitkiler, Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmalı Derneği Yayını, Flora Dizisi 1, İstanbul.
  • Hazır, A., Büyüköztürk, H.D., 2013. Phoenix spp. and other ornamental palms in Turkey: The threat from red palm weevil and red palm scale insects. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture 2013. 25 (11): 843-853, doi: 10.9755/ejfa.v25i11.16500.
  • Hu, A., Zhao, S., Liang, H., Qiu, T., Chen, G., 2007. Ultrasound assisted supercritical fluid extraction of oil and coixenolide from adlay seed. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 14: 219-224.
  • Jaime, A., da Silva, T., Dobra´nszki, J., 2014. Sonication and ultrasound: impact on plant growth and development. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture 117: 131-143.
  • Jambrak, A.R., Mason, T.J., Paniwnyk, L., Lelas, V., 2007. Accelerated drying of button mushrooms, Brussels sprouts and cauliflower by applying power ultrasound and its rehydration properties. Journal of Food Engineering 81: 88-97.
  • Kavgacı, A., 2014. Phoenix L. "Türkiye’nin Doğal-Egzotik Ağaç ve Çalıları " (Ü. Akkemik, ed.), 182. Orman Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Keli, S., Baoshu, X., Guoyou, C., Ziwei, S., 1999. The effects of alternative stress on the thermodymical properties of cultured tobacco cells. Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 15: 579-584.
  • Kikuchi, K., Koizumi, M., Ishida, N., Kano, H., 2006. Water uptake by dry beans by micromagnetic resonance imaging. Annals of Botany 98, 545–553. (doi:10.1093/aob/mcl145).
  • Kontodimas, D., Milonas, P., Vassiliou, V., Thymakis, N., Economou, D., 2006. The occurrence of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus in Greece and Cyprus and the risk against the native Greek palm tree Phoenix theophrasti. Entomologia Hellenica 16: 11-15.
  • Kucerna, B., Cohn, M.A., Leubner-Metzger, G., 2005. Plant hormone interactions during seed dormancy release and germination. Seed Science Research 15: 281-307.
  • López, I., Vicient, C.M., 2017. Use of ultrasonication to increase germination rates of Arabidopsis seeds. Plant Methods 13:31, DOI 10.1186/s13007-017-0182-6.
  • Loveys, B.R., Jusaitis, M., 1994. Stimulation of germination of quandong (Santalum acuminatum) and other Australian native plant seeds. Australian Journal of Botany 42, 565-574.
  • Luo, M.R., 2016. Handbook of Ultrasonics and Sonochemistry. Springer Science+Business Media Singapore.
  • Machikowa, T., Kulrattanarak, T., Wonprasaid, S., 2013. Effects of ultrasonic treatment on germination of synthetic sunflower seeds. International Journal of Biological, Biomolecular, Agricultural Food and Biotechnological Engineering 7(1): 1-3.
  • Madakadze, I.C., Prithiviraj, B., Madakadze, R.M., Stewart, K., Peterson, P., Coulman, B.E. et al., 2000. Effect of preplant seed conditioning treatment on the germination of Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). Seed Science and Technology 28, 403-411.
  • Mavrommatis, G., 1973. Ikologia tis periohis finikodasous “Vai” Sitias Kritis. Dasos: 21-24. Barclay, C. 1974. A new locality of wild Phoenix in Crete. Annales Musei Goulandris 2: 23-29
  • McDonald, M.B., Kwong, F.Y., 2005. Flower Seeds, Biology and Technology. CABI Publishing 875 Massachusetts Avenue 7th Floor Cambridge, MA 02139 USA, p 372.
  • Miano, A.C., Ibarz, A., Augusto, P.E.D., 2016. Mechanisms for improving mass transfer in food with ultrasound technology: describing the phenomena in two model cases. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 29, 413–419. (doi:10.1016/j. ultsonch.2015.10.020.
  • Miano, A.C., Pereira, J.C., Castanha, N., Matta, M.D.J., Augusto, P.E.D., 2016. Enhancing mung bean hydration using the ultrasound technology: description of mechanisms and impact on its germination and main components. Scientific Reports 6:38996 | DOI: 10.1038/srep38996.
  • Nasri, F., Ghaderi, N., Mohammadi, J., Mortazavi, S.N., Saba, M.K., 2013. The Effect of gibberellic acid and stratification on germination of Alstroemeria (Alstroemeria ligtu hybrid) Seed Under In Vitro and In Vivo Conditions. Journal of Ornamental Plants Volume 3, Number 4: 221-228.
  • Nazari, M., Eteghadipour, M., 2017. Impacts of ultrasonic waves on seeds: a mini-review. Agricultural Research & Technology Volume 6 Issue 3, (1-4), DOI: 10.19080/ARTOAJ.2017.06.555688.
  • Okatan, V., 2017. GA3 Uygulamalarının Malta Eriği (Eriobotrya japonica) tohumlarının çimlenmesi ve çöğür gelişimi üzerine etkileri. Güfbed/Gustij 7 (2): 309-313, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17714/gufbed.2017.07.020.
  • Örücü, Ö.K., 2019. Phoenix theophrasti Gr.’nin iklim değişimine bağlı günümüz ve gelecekteki yayılış alanlarının Maxent Modeli ile tahmini ve bitkisel tasarımda kullanımı. Turkish Journal of Forestry 20 (3): 274-283. DOI: 10.18182/tjf.613205.
  • Pierce, A.D., 1989. The Wave Theory of Sound. Acoustics: An Introduction to its Physical Principles and Applications: Acoustical Society of America. New York, USA
  • Piyasena, P., Mohareb, E., McKellar, R.C., 2003. Inactivation of microbes using ultrasound: a review. International Journal of Food Microbiology 87(3): 207-216.
  • Risca, I.M., Fărtăış, L., 2009. The ınfluence of the ultrasound treatment on the Norway spruce (Pıcea Abıes (L.) Karsten) seed germınatıon. Cercetări Agronomice în Moldova Vol. XLII, No. 4 (140) / 43-47.
  • Sharififar, A., Nazari, M., Asghari, H.R., 2015. Effect of ultrasonic waves on seed germination of Atriplexlentiformis, Cuminumcyminum, and Zygophyllum eurypterum. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 2(3): 102-104.
  • Shekarı, F., Mustafavi, S.H., Abbasi, A., 2015. Sonication of seeds increase germination performance of sesame under low-temperature stress. Acta agriculturae Slovenica 105-2, September 203–212,DOI: 10.14720/aas.2015.105.2.03.
  • Surhone, L., Tennoe, M., Henssonow, S., 2011. Cretan Date Palm. Betascript Publishing.
  • Şenol, S.G., Pelit, N.B., Bzyel, D. 2016. Distribution if Phoenix theophrasti and problematic Gölköy Muğla population in Turkey. Symposium on Euroasian Biodivesity, 23-27 May, Antalya.
  • Toma, M., Vinatoru, Paniwnyk, L., Mason, T.J., 2001. Investigation of the effects of ultrasound on vegetal tissues during solvent extraction. Ultrasonic Sonochemistry 8: 137-142.
  • Vardareli, N., Doğaroğlu, T., Doğaç, E., Taşkın, V., Taşkın, B.G., 2019. Genetic characterization of tertiary relict endemic Phoenix theophrasti populations in Turkey and phylogenetic relations of the species with other palm species revealed by SSR markers. Plant Systematics and Evolution 305:415–429 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-019-01580-8.
  • Vardareli, N., Doğaroğlu, T., Taşkın, B.G., 2012. Datça hurması populasyonlarında genetik çeşitliliğin SSR belirteçleriyle saptanması. 21. Ulusal Biyoloji Kongresi, 03-07 Eylül 2012. Ege Ünv. Türkiye.
  • Vehn, J.K., Sauer, M., 2017. Plant Hormones. Methods in Molecular Biology, Springer Science+Business Media New York.
  • Wang, Q., Chen, G., Yersaiyiti, H., Liu, Y., Cui, J., et al., 2012. Modeling analysis on germination and seedling growth using ultrasound seed pretreatment in Switchgrass. Plos one 7(10): e47204. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047204.
  • Wong, K.S., Lee, L., Yeo, L.Y., Tan, M.K., 2019. Enhancing rate of water absorption in seeds via a miniature surface acoustic wave device. Royal Society Open Science 6: 181560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.181560.
  • Yaldagard, M., Mortazavi, S.A., Tabatabaie, F., 2008. Application of ultrasonic waves as a priming technique for accelerating and enhancing the germination of barley seed: optimization of method by the Taguchi approach. Journal of Institute of Brewing 114(1): 14-21.
  • Yazıcı, E., 2007. Özel çevre koruma bölgelerınde turizm baskısı ve Datça – Bozburun Özel Çevre Koruma Bölgesi için Turizm Yönetim Planı Önerisi Yüksek Lisans Tezi. İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi.
  • Zhao, H., Wu, J., Zheng, L., Zhu, T., Xi, B., Wang, B., Cai, S., Younian, W., 2003. Effect of sound stimulation on Dendranthema morifolium callus growth. Colloid Surface B 29: 143-147.
Toplam 69 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Orman Endüstri Mühendisliği, Orman Yetiştirme
Bölüm Yetiştirme
Yazarlar

Salih Parlak 0000-0003-3808-3297

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 27 Haziran 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 27 Kasım 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Parlak, S. (2023). Effects of seed treatments on the germination of Golkoy palm (Phoenix theophrasti Greuter subsp. golkoyana Boydak). Ormancılık Araştırma Dergisi, 10(1), 14-22. https://doi.org/10.17568/ogmoad.1029343