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Characterization of powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica) in globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus)

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 1, 17 - 24, 01.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.770306

Öz

Globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is an economically important plant that is mostly grown in Mediterranean Basin in the world. In 2016 and 2017, chlorotic spots on adaxial surface but white fungal patches abaxial surface of leaves of globe artichoke were observed in the Western Mediterranean Region of Turkey. To determine causal agent of these symptoms, leaf samples were taken sporadically in 2016, 2017 and 2020. Based on morphological and ITS sequence data, the causal agent was determined to be powdery mildew fungus Leveillula taurica (Lév.) G. Arnaud. Pathogenicity test was conducted using seedlings of globe artichoke in a greenhouse. Additionally, infections caused by the fungus were examined in a two-year field study. Several surveys were carried out according to simple random sampling method and a total of 79 farmer fields (570 da) were screened in the region. Disease incidence and prevalence of the powdery mildew in 2016 were 14.2 and 36.1%, while they were 30.1 and 53.4% in 2017, respectively. Mean disease incidence and prevalence in the both years were 22.1 and 45.5%, respectively. The disease was previously reported on globe artichoke in Italy, U.S.A., Spain and Egypt. To our knowledge, this is the first record of L. taurica causing powdery mildew on globe artichoke in Turkey and globe artichoke is a new host for L. taurica in Turkey.

Destekleyen Kurum

General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies

Proje Numarası

TAGEM-BS-15/09-10/02-10

Kaynakça

  • Agrios GN (2005) Plant pathology. Elsevier Academic Press, London.
  • Aktaş H (2001) Önemli hububat hastalıkları ve survey yöntemleri. Tarım ve Köy İşleri Bakanlığı Bitki Sağlığı Araştırmaları Daire Başkanlığı, Ankara (in Turkish).
  • Attanayake KPRN, Glawe DA, McPhee KE, Dugan FM, Chen W (2008) First report of powdery mildew of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) caused by Leveillula taurica in Washington State. Plant Health Progress. doi: 10.1094/PHP-2008-0702-01-BR.
  • Bora T, Karaca I (1970) Bitki hastalıkları sürveyi kültür bitkilerinde hastalığın ve zararın ölçülmesi. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yardımcı Ders Kitabı, Yayın No: 167 Ege Üniversitesi Matbaası, Bornova (in Turkish).
  • Bratsch A (2014) Specialty Crop Profile: Globe Artichoke. https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/content/dam/pubs_ext_vt_edu/438/438-108/438-108_pdf.pdf. Accessed 6 July, 2020.
  • Braun U, Cook RTA (2012) Taxonomic manual of the erysiphales (Powdery Mildews). CBS Biodiversity Series No. 11. CBS, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Bubici G (2014) First report of Leveillula taurica on Capparis spinosa in Italy. Journal of Plant Pathology 96(4): S4.113-S4.131.
  • Carlos AC, Soares DJ (2012) The anamorphic state of Leveillula taurica recorded on Cleome spinosa in north-eastern Brazil. Mycosphere 3(3): 289-292.
  • Cerkauskas RF, Ferguson G, Banik M (2011) Powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica) on greenhouse and field peppers in Ontario–host range, cultivar response and disease management strategies. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 33(4): 485-498.
  • Choi IY, Jang SJ, Oh HT, Shin HD (2019) First report of powdery mildew caused by Leveillula taurica on Cucurbita ficifolia in Korea. Plant Disease 103(3): 586.
  • Correll JC, Gordon TR, Elliott VJ (1987) Host range, specificity, and biometrical measurements of Leveillula taurica in California. Plant Disease 71: 248-251.
  • de Souza VL, Café-Filho AC (2003) Resistance to Leveillula taurica in the genus capsicum. Plant Pathology 52: 613-619.
  • Eken C, Demirci E (2001) The distribution and pathogenicity of the fungal pathogens determined from alfalfa plants in Erzurum province. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 32(2): 143-150.
  • Elsisi AA, Shams AS (2019) Controlling of Artichoke powdery mildew and improving vegetative growth and yield productivity by using Dl- β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) with some natural essential oils. Middle East Journal of Applied Sciences 9(2): 443-455.
  • FAO (2020) FAOSTAT. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC. Accessed 10 July, 2020.
  • García-Gaytán V, García-Morales S, Silva-Rojas HV, Trejo-Téllez LI, Gómez-Merino FC (2016) First report of powdery mildew in chilhuacle chili (Capsicum annuum) caused by Leveillula taurica in Southern Mexico. Plant disease 100(11): 2325.
  • George RAT, Fox RTV (2014) Diseases of Temperate Horticultural Plants. Gutenberg Press, Tarxien, Malta.
  • Glawe DA, du Toit LJ, Pelter GQ (2004) First report of powdery mildew on potato caused by Leveillula taurica in North America. Plant Health Progress doi: 10.1094/PHP-2004-1214-01-HN.
  • Glawe DA, Barlow T, Eggers JE, Hamm PB (2010) First report of powdery mildew caused by Leveillula taurica of field-grown sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) in the Pacific Northwest. Plant Health Progress doi: 10.1094/PHP-2007-0708-01-BR.
  • Guzman-Plazolaa RA, Davis RM, Marois JJ (2003) Effects of relative humidityand high temperature on spore germination and development of tomato powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica). Crop Protection 22(10): 1157-1168.
  • He G, Xu B, Song JG, Zhang LL, Zhao ZY, Wang G (2012) First report of powdery mildew caused by Leveillula taurica on Cynanchum kashgaricum in China. Plant Disease 96(9): 1373.
  • Jones RW, Stommel JR, Wanner LA (2009) First report of Leveillula taurica causing powdery mildew on pepper in Maryland. Plant Disease 93(11): 1222.
  • Karakaya A (1998) Leveillula taurica on Onobrychis viciifolia in Turkey. Mycotaxon 66: 359-361.
  • Karkanis A, Bilalis D, Efthimiadou A, Katsenios N (2012) Effects of field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) and powdery mildew [Leveillula taurica (Lev.) Arn.] on pepper growth and yield. Horticultural Science (Prague) 39: 135-138.
  • Kavak H (2004) Epidemic outbreaks of powdery mildew caused by Leveillula taurica on Capparis spinosa in Turkey. Plant Pathology 53: 809.
  • Kavak H, Dikilitas M (2006) Powdery mildew caused by Leveillula taurica on Alcea rosea in Turkey. Australasian Plant Disease Notes 1: 7-8.
  • Khodaparast SA, Takamatsu S, Hedjaroude G (2001) Phylogenetic structure of the genus Leveillula (Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae) inferred from the nucleotide sequences of the rDNA ITS region with special reference to the L. taurica species complex. Mycological Research 105: 909-918.
  • Kurt S, Soylu S, Soylu EM, Tok FM (2004) First report of powdery mildew caused by Leveillula taurica on leek (Allium porrum L.) in Turkey. New Disease Reports 8: 33.
  • Lattanzio V, Kroon PA, Linsalata V, Cardinali A (2009) Globe artichoke: a functional food and source of nutraceutical ingredients. Journal of Functional Foods 1: 131-144.
  • MEVBİS (2018) T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü meteorolojik veri bilgi sunum ve satış sistemi. https://mevbis.mgm.gov.tr/mevbis/ui/index.html#/Workspace. Accessed 5 November, 2018.
  • Negron JA, Rodriguez R, Aviles L (1991) Fungicide evaluation for control of powdery mildew, Leveillula taurica (Lev.) Am., of peppers in Puerto Rico. The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico 75(2): 119-123.
  • Ozan S, Maden S (2006) Powdery mildew diseases of tomato. Selçuk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 20(38): 126-135.
  • Ozan S, Aşkın A (2006) Studies on fungal diseases of protected vegetable areas in central Anatolia region. Bitki Koruma Bülteni 46(1-4): 65-75.
  • Romberg MK, Kennedy AH, Ko M (2014) First Report of the powdery mildews Leveillula taurica and Podosphaera pannosa on rose periwinkle in the United States. Plant Disease 98(6): 848.
  • Sepúlveda-Chavera G, Salvatierra-Martínez R, Andía-Guardia R (2013) The alternative control of powdery mildew complex (Leveillula taurica and Erysiphe sp.) in tomato in the Azapa Valley, Chile. Ciencia e Investigacion Agraria 40(1): 119-130.
  • Snowdon AL (2010) A Colour atlas of post-harvest diseases and disorders of fruits and vegetables. University of Cambridge, Manson Publishing Ltd. London, UK.
  • Sonnante G, Pignone D, Hammer K (2007) The Domestication of artichoke and cardoon: from roman times to the genomic age. Annals of Botany 100: 1095-1100.
  • White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor JW (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications, eds. Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ Academic Press, Inc. New York, pp. 315-322.
  • Zayan SA (2016) Relation between climatic cariables and tomato powdery mildew caused by Leveillula taurica. Egyptian Journal of Phytopathology 44(1): 1-10.
  • Zheng Z, Nonomura T, Bóka K, Matsuda Y, Visser RGF, Toyoda H, Kiss L, Bai Y (2013a) Detection and quantification of Leveillula taurica growth in pepper leaves. Phytopathology 103: 623-632.
  • Zheng Z, Nonomura T, Appiano M, Pavan S, Matsuda Y, Toyoda H, Wolters A-MA, Visser RGF, Bai Y (2013b) Loss of function in Mlo orthologs reduces susceptibility of pepper and tomato to powdery mildew disease caused by Leveillula taurica. PLoS One 8(7): e70723.

Enginarda (Cynara scolymus) külleme (Leveillula taurica) karakterizasyonu

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 1, 17 - 24, 01.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.770306

Öz

Enginar dünyada çoğunlukla Akdeniz havzasında yetiştirilen ekonomik olarak önemli bir bitkidir. 2016 ve 2017 yıllarında Türkiye’de Batı Akdeniz Bölgesinde enginar bitkilerinin yapraklarının üst yüzeylerinde klorotik fakat alt yüzeylerinde beyaz fungal alanlar gözlenmiştir. Bu belirtilere neden olan etmeni tespit etmek amacıyla 2016, 2017 ve 2020 yıllarında belirli aralıklarla yaprak örnekleri alınmıştır. Morfolojik ve ITS sekans verilerine dayanarak etmenin külleme fungusu Leveillula taurica (Lév.) G. Arnaud olduğu belirlenmiştir. Patojenisite testleri enginar fideleri kullanılarak serada yürütülmüştür. Ayrıca, fungusun neden olduğu enfeksiyonlar iki yıllık bir arazi çalışması ile araştırılmıştır. Hastalık surveyleri basit tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemine göre yapılmış olup toplam 79 üretici tarlası (570 dekar) bölgede incelenmiştir. 2016 yılında hastalık oranı ve yaygınlığı sırasıyla %14.2 ve %36.1 olurken 2017 yılında bunlar sırasıyla %30.1 ve %53.4 olmuştur. Her iki yılda ortalama hastalık oranı ve yaygınlığı sırasıyla %22.1 ve %45.5 olmuştur. Hastalık daha önce İtalya, A.B.D., İspanya ve Mısır’da enginarda rapor edilmiştir. Bildiğimiz kadarıyla bu, Türkiye’ de L. taurica’nın enginarda külleme hastalığının etmeni olduğuna dair ilk kayıt ve enginar L. taurica için Türkiye’de yeni bir konukçudur.

Proje Numarası

TAGEM-BS-15/09-10/02-10

Kaynakça

  • Agrios GN (2005) Plant pathology. Elsevier Academic Press, London.
  • Aktaş H (2001) Önemli hububat hastalıkları ve survey yöntemleri. Tarım ve Köy İşleri Bakanlığı Bitki Sağlığı Araştırmaları Daire Başkanlığı, Ankara (in Turkish).
  • Attanayake KPRN, Glawe DA, McPhee KE, Dugan FM, Chen W (2008) First report of powdery mildew of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) caused by Leveillula taurica in Washington State. Plant Health Progress. doi: 10.1094/PHP-2008-0702-01-BR.
  • Bora T, Karaca I (1970) Bitki hastalıkları sürveyi kültür bitkilerinde hastalığın ve zararın ölçülmesi. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yardımcı Ders Kitabı, Yayın No: 167 Ege Üniversitesi Matbaası, Bornova (in Turkish).
  • Bratsch A (2014) Specialty Crop Profile: Globe Artichoke. https://pubs.ext.vt.edu/content/dam/pubs_ext_vt_edu/438/438-108/438-108_pdf.pdf. Accessed 6 July, 2020.
  • Braun U, Cook RTA (2012) Taxonomic manual of the erysiphales (Powdery Mildews). CBS Biodiversity Series No. 11. CBS, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Bubici G (2014) First report of Leveillula taurica on Capparis spinosa in Italy. Journal of Plant Pathology 96(4): S4.113-S4.131.
  • Carlos AC, Soares DJ (2012) The anamorphic state of Leveillula taurica recorded on Cleome spinosa in north-eastern Brazil. Mycosphere 3(3): 289-292.
  • Cerkauskas RF, Ferguson G, Banik M (2011) Powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica) on greenhouse and field peppers in Ontario–host range, cultivar response and disease management strategies. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 33(4): 485-498.
  • Choi IY, Jang SJ, Oh HT, Shin HD (2019) First report of powdery mildew caused by Leveillula taurica on Cucurbita ficifolia in Korea. Plant Disease 103(3): 586.
  • Correll JC, Gordon TR, Elliott VJ (1987) Host range, specificity, and biometrical measurements of Leveillula taurica in California. Plant Disease 71: 248-251.
  • de Souza VL, Café-Filho AC (2003) Resistance to Leveillula taurica in the genus capsicum. Plant Pathology 52: 613-619.
  • Eken C, Demirci E (2001) The distribution and pathogenicity of the fungal pathogens determined from alfalfa plants in Erzurum province. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 32(2): 143-150.
  • Elsisi AA, Shams AS (2019) Controlling of Artichoke powdery mildew and improving vegetative growth and yield productivity by using Dl- β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) with some natural essential oils. Middle East Journal of Applied Sciences 9(2): 443-455.
  • FAO (2020) FAOSTAT. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC. Accessed 10 July, 2020.
  • García-Gaytán V, García-Morales S, Silva-Rojas HV, Trejo-Téllez LI, Gómez-Merino FC (2016) First report of powdery mildew in chilhuacle chili (Capsicum annuum) caused by Leveillula taurica in Southern Mexico. Plant disease 100(11): 2325.
  • George RAT, Fox RTV (2014) Diseases of Temperate Horticultural Plants. Gutenberg Press, Tarxien, Malta.
  • Glawe DA, du Toit LJ, Pelter GQ (2004) First report of powdery mildew on potato caused by Leveillula taurica in North America. Plant Health Progress doi: 10.1094/PHP-2004-1214-01-HN.
  • Glawe DA, Barlow T, Eggers JE, Hamm PB (2010) First report of powdery mildew caused by Leveillula taurica of field-grown sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) in the Pacific Northwest. Plant Health Progress doi: 10.1094/PHP-2007-0708-01-BR.
  • Guzman-Plazolaa RA, Davis RM, Marois JJ (2003) Effects of relative humidityand high temperature on spore germination and development of tomato powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica). Crop Protection 22(10): 1157-1168.
  • He G, Xu B, Song JG, Zhang LL, Zhao ZY, Wang G (2012) First report of powdery mildew caused by Leveillula taurica on Cynanchum kashgaricum in China. Plant Disease 96(9): 1373.
  • Jones RW, Stommel JR, Wanner LA (2009) First report of Leveillula taurica causing powdery mildew on pepper in Maryland. Plant Disease 93(11): 1222.
  • Karakaya A (1998) Leveillula taurica on Onobrychis viciifolia in Turkey. Mycotaxon 66: 359-361.
  • Karkanis A, Bilalis D, Efthimiadou A, Katsenios N (2012) Effects of field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) and powdery mildew [Leveillula taurica (Lev.) Arn.] on pepper growth and yield. Horticultural Science (Prague) 39: 135-138.
  • Kavak H (2004) Epidemic outbreaks of powdery mildew caused by Leveillula taurica on Capparis spinosa in Turkey. Plant Pathology 53: 809.
  • Kavak H, Dikilitas M (2006) Powdery mildew caused by Leveillula taurica on Alcea rosea in Turkey. Australasian Plant Disease Notes 1: 7-8.
  • Khodaparast SA, Takamatsu S, Hedjaroude G (2001) Phylogenetic structure of the genus Leveillula (Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae) inferred from the nucleotide sequences of the rDNA ITS region with special reference to the L. taurica species complex. Mycological Research 105: 909-918.
  • Kurt S, Soylu S, Soylu EM, Tok FM (2004) First report of powdery mildew caused by Leveillula taurica on leek (Allium porrum L.) in Turkey. New Disease Reports 8: 33.
  • Lattanzio V, Kroon PA, Linsalata V, Cardinali A (2009) Globe artichoke: a functional food and source of nutraceutical ingredients. Journal of Functional Foods 1: 131-144.
  • MEVBİS (2018) T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü meteorolojik veri bilgi sunum ve satış sistemi. https://mevbis.mgm.gov.tr/mevbis/ui/index.html#/Workspace. Accessed 5 November, 2018.
  • Negron JA, Rodriguez R, Aviles L (1991) Fungicide evaluation for control of powdery mildew, Leveillula taurica (Lev.) Am., of peppers in Puerto Rico. The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico 75(2): 119-123.
  • Ozan S, Maden S (2006) Powdery mildew diseases of tomato. Selçuk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 20(38): 126-135.
  • Ozan S, Aşkın A (2006) Studies on fungal diseases of protected vegetable areas in central Anatolia region. Bitki Koruma Bülteni 46(1-4): 65-75.
  • Romberg MK, Kennedy AH, Ko M (2014) First Report of the powdery mildews Leveillula taurica and Podosphaera pannosa on rose periwinkle in the United States. Plant Disease 98(6): 848.
  • Sepúlveda-Chavera G, Salvatierra-Martínez R, Andía-Guardia R (2013) The alternative control of powdery mildew complex (Leveillula taurica and Erysiphe sp.) in tomato in the Azapa Valley, Chile. Ciencia e Investigacion Agraria 40(1): 119-130.
  • Snowdon AL (2010) A Colour atlas of post-harvest diseases and disorders of fruits and vegetables. University of Cambridge, Manson Publishing Ltd. London, UK.
  • Sonnante G, Pignone D, Hammer K (2007) The Domestication of artichoke and cardoon: from roman times to the genomic age. Annals of Botany 100: 1095-1100.
  • White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor JW (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications, eds. Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ Academic Press, Inc. New York, pp. 315-322.
  • Zayan SA (2016) Relation between climatic cariables and tomato powdery mildew caused by Leveillula taurica. Egyptian Journal of Phytopathology 44(1): 1-10.
  • Zheng Z, Nonomura T, Bóka K, Matsuda Y, Visser RGF, Toyoda H, Kiss L, Bai Y (2013a) Detection and quantification of Leveillula taurica growth in pepper leaves. Phytopathology 103: 623-632.
  • Zheng Z, Nonomura T, Appiano M, Pavan S, Matsuda Y, Toyoda H, Wolters A-MA, Visser RGF, Bai Y (2013b) Loss of function in Mlo orthologs reduces susceptibility of pepper and tomato to powdery mildew disease caused by Leveillula taurica. PLoS One 8(7): e70723.
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ziraat Mühendisliği
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mehmet Aydoğdu 0000-0001-5267-4654

Görkem Sülü Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-4729-8310

İlker Kurbetli 0000-0001-8991-4412

Proje Numarası TAGEM-BS-15/09-10/02-10
Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Nisan 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Temmuz 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 34 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Aydoğdu, M., Sülü, G., & Kurbetli, İ. (2021). Characterization of powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica) in globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus). Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences, 34(1), 17-24. https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.770306
AMA Aydoğdu M, Sülü G, Kurbetli İ. Characterization of powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica) in globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus). Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences. Nisan 2021;34(1):17-24. doi:10.29136/mediterranean.770306
Chicago Aydoğdu, Mehmet, Görkem Sülü, ve İlker Kurbetli. “Characterization of Powdery Mildew (Leveillula Taurica) in Globe Artichoke (Cynara Scolymus)”. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences 34, sy. 1 (Nisan 2021): 17-24. https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.770306.
EndNote Aydoğdu M, Sülü G, Kurbetli İ (01 Nisan 2021) Characterization of powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica) in globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus). Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences 34 1 17–24.
IEEE M. Aydoğdu, G. Sülü, ve İ. Kurbetli, “Characterization of powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica) in globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus)”, Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences, c. 34, sy. 1, ss. 17–24, 2021, doi: 10.29136/mediterranean.770306.
ISNAD Aydoğdu, Mehmet vd. “Characterization of Powdery Mildew (Leveillula Taurica) in Globe Artichoke (Cynara Scolymus)”. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences 34/1 (Nisan 2021), 17-24. https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.770306.
JAMA Aydoğdu M, Sülü G, Kurbetli İ. Characterization of powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica) in globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus). Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences. 2021;34:17–24.
MLA Aydoğdu, Mehmet vd. “Characterization of Powdery Mildew (Leveillula Taurica) in Globe Artichoke (Cynara Scolymus)”. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences, c. 34, sy. 1, 2021, ss. 17-24, doi:10.29136/mediterranean.770306.
Vancouver Aydoğdu M, Sülü G, Kurbetli İ. Characterization of powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica) in globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus). Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences. 2021;34(1):17-24.

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