BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Quantitative Microbiological Analysis of Biofilm Communities from the Surfaces of Different Cooling Tower Materials

Yıl 2008, Cilt: 67 Sayı: 1, 9 - 16, 11.11.2010

Öz

 

Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms attached to surfaces or associated with interfaces. Since biofilm formation is influenced by the type of surface materials, in the current study it was aimed to compare copper, stainless steel, galvanized stainless steel, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, ceramic and glass surfaces for biofilm formation rate. In this study, both monthly collected water and biofilm samples were analyzed in terms of total coliforms, faecal coliforms, Pseudomonas, aerobic mesophilic heterotrophic bacteria (at 22 and 37°C) and amoebas. We found that plastic polymers, especially polyethylene and polypropylene, supported the lowest total aerobic mesophilic heterotrophic bacterial numbers. Although the protozoa (amoeba) could found on to all of the surfaces, Pseudomonas species could harbour none of them. It can be concluded that selection of the suitable pipe material could reduce waterborne disease and minimize the possibility of biofilm development associated with the operation of cooling tower systems.

Kaynakça

  • APHA. (1998) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 20th edn. Washington, D.C.: American Public Health Association, American Water Work Association, Water Environment Federation.
  • Beech I.B. and Gaylarde C.C. (1999) Recent advances in the study of biocorrosion-an overview. Revista de Microbiologia, 30 (3): 177-190.
  • Bloomfield S.F., Arthur M., Begun K. and Patel H. (1993) Comparative testing of disinfectants using proposed European surface test methods. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 10: 287-294.
  • Boe-Hansen R., Albrechtsen H.J., Arvin E., Jorgensen C. (2002) Bulk water phase and biofilm growth in drinking water at low nutrient conditions, Water Research, 36: 4477-4486.
  • Costerton J.W. (1999) Introduction to biofilm. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 11: 217-221.
  • Cotuk A., Dogruoz N., Zeybek Z., Kimiran-Erdem A., Ilhan-Sungur E. (2005) The effect of Pseudomonas and Aeromonas strains on Legionella pneumophila growth, Annals of Microbiology, 55 (3), 219-224.
  • Donnell M.J.O, Tuttlebee C.M., Falkiner F.R., Coleman D.C. (2004) Bacterial contamination of dental chair units in a modern dental hospital caused by leakage from suction system hoses containing extensive biofilm. Journal of Hospital Infection, 59 (4): 348-360
  • Gagnon G.A. and Slawson R.M. (1999) An efficient biofilm removal method for bacterial cells exposed to drinking water. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 34: 203-214.
  • Jeong J. and Yu H.S. (2005) The role of domestic tap water in Acanthamoeba contamination in contact lens storage cases in Korea. The Korean Journal of Parasitology, 43: 47-50.
  • Lechevallier M.W., Cawthon C.D., Lee R.G. (1988) Factors promoting survival of bacteria in chlorinated water supplies. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 54 (3): 649-654.
  • Momba M.N.B. and Binda M.A. (2002) Combining chlorination and chloramination processes for the inhibition of biofilm formation in drinking surface water system models. Jornal of Applied Microbiology, 92: 641-648.
  • Momba M.N.B and Makala N. (2004) Comparing the effect of various pipe materials on biofilm formation in chlorinated and combined chlorine-chloraminated water systems. Water SA, 30 (2): 175-182.
  • Pasmore M., Todd P., Pfeifer B., Rhodes M. and Bowman C.N. (2002) Effect of polymer surface properties on the reversibility of attachment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the early stages of biofilm development. Biofouling, 18, 65-71.
  • Percival S.L., Knapp J.S., Edyvean R.G.J. and Wales D.S. (1998). Biofilm, mains water and stainless steel. Water Research, 32 (7): 21872201.
  • Rogers J., Dowsett A.B., Dennis P.J., Lee J.V. and Keevil C.W. (1994a) Influence of temperature and plumbing material selection on biofilm formation and growth of Legionella pneumophila in a model potable water system containing complex microbial flora. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 60: 15851592.
  • Rogers J., Dowsett A.B., Dennis P.J., Lee J.V. and Keevil C.W. (1994b) Influence plumbing materials on biofilm formation and growth of Legionella pneumophila in potable water system. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 60: 1842-1851.
  • Sanli-Yurudu N.O, Kimiran-Erdem A. and Cotuk A. (2007) Studies on the efficacy of Chloramine T trihydrate (N-chloro-p-toluene sulfonamide) against planktonic and sessile populations of different Legionella pneumophila strains. International Journal of Hygiene Environmental Health, 210 (2):147-53.
  • Schwartz T., Hoffmann S., Obst U. (1998) Formation and bacterial composition of young, natural biofilms obtained from public bankfiltered drinking water systems. Water Research, 32 (9): 2787-2797.
  • Schwartz T., Kohnen W., Jansen B. and Obst U. (2003) Detection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their resistance genes in wastewater, surface water, and drinking water biofilms. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 43: 325-335.
  • Stepanovic´ S., C´irkovic´ I., Ranin L. and Svabic´Vlahovic M. (2004) Biofilm formation by Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes on plastic surface. Letters in Applied Microbiologyl, 38: 428–432.
  • Stoodley P., Cargo R., Rupp C.J., Wilson S. and Klapper I. (2002) Biofilm material properties as related to shear-induced deformation and detachment phenomena. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 29: 361 – 367.
  • Türetgen I. and Cotuk A. (2007) Monitoring of biofilm-associated Legionella pneumophila on different substrata in model cooling tower system. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 125: 271-279.
  • Xu K. D., Stewart P.S., Xia F., Huang C.T. and McFeters G.A. (1998) Spatial physiological heterogeneity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm is determined by oxygen availability. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 64 (10): 4035-4039.
  • Zacheus O.M., Iivanainen E.K., Nissinen T.K., Lehtola M.J. and Martikainen P.J. (2000) Bacterial biofilm formation on polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene and stainless steel exposed to ozonated water. Water Research, 34 (1): 63-70.
  • Zeybek Z., Dogruoz N., Cotuk A. (2005) In vitro anti-Legionella activity of the Bacillus strains. 6th Congress of the International Federation of Infection Control, October 13-16, İstanbul.
Yıl 2008, Cilt: 67 Sayı: 1, 9 - 16, 11.11.2010

Öz

Kaynakça

  • APHA. (1998) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 20th edn. Washington, D.C.: American Public Health Association, American Water Work Association, Water Environment Federation.
  • Beech I.B. and Gaylarde C.C. (1999) Recent advances in the study of biocorrosion-an overview. Revista de Microbiologia, 30 (3): 177-190.
  • Bloomfield S.F., Arthur M., Begun K. and Patel H. (1993) Comparative testing of disinfectants using proposed European surface test methods. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 10: 287-294.
  • Boe-Hansen R., Albrechtsen H.J., Arvin E., Jorgensen C. (2002) Bulk water phase and biofilm growth in drinking water at low nutrient conditions, Water Research, 36: 4477-4486.
  • Costerton J.W. (1999) Introduction to biofilm. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 11: 217-221.
  • Cotuk A., Dogruoz N., Zeybek Z., Kimiran-Erdem A., Ilhan-Sungur E. (2005) The effect of Pseudomonas and Aeromonas strains on Legionella pneumophila growth, Annals of Microbiology, 55 (3), 219-224.
  • Donnell M.J.O, Tuttlebee C.M., Falkiner F.R., Coleman D.C. (2004) Bacterial contamination of dental chair units in a modern dental hospital caused by leakage from suction system hoses containing extensive biofilm. Journal of Hospital Infection, 59 (4): 348-360
  • Gagnon G.A. and Slawson R.M. (1999) An efficient biofilm removal method for bacterial cells exposed to drinking water. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 34: 203-214.
  • Jeong J. and Yu H.S. (2005) The role of domestic tap water in Acanthamoeba contamination in contact lens storage cases in Korea. The Korean Journal of Parasitology, 43: 47-50.
  • Lechevallier M.W., Cawthon C.D., Lee R.G. (1988) Factors promoting survival of bacteria in chlorinated water supplies. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 54 (3): 649-654.
  • Momba M.N.B. and Binda M.A. (2002) Combining chlorination and chloramination processes for the inhibition of biofilm formation in drinking surface water system models. Jornal of Applied Microbiology, 92: 641-648.
  • Momba M.N.B and Makala N. (2004) Comparing the effect of various pipe materials on biofilm formation in chlorinated and combined chlorine-chloraminated water systems. Water SA, 30 (2): 175-182.
  • Pasmore M., Todd P., Pfeifer B., Rhodes M. and Bowman C.N. (2002) Effect of polymer surface properties on the reversibility of attachment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the early stages of biofilm development. Biofouling, 18, 65-71.
  • Percival S.L., Knapp J.S., Edyvean R.G.J. and Wales D.S. (1998). Biofilm, mains water and stainless steel. Water Research, 32 (7): 21872201.
  • Rogers J., Dowsett A.B., Dennis P.J., Lee J.V. and Keevil C.W. (1994a) Influence of temperature and plumbing material selection on biofilm formation and growth of Legionella pneumophila in a model potable water system containing complex microbial flora. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 60: 15851592.
  • Rogers J., Dowsett A.B., Dennis P.J., Lee J.V. and Keevil C.W. (1994b) Influence plumbing materials on biofilm formation and growth of Legionella pneumophila in potable water system. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 60: 1842-1851.
  • Sanli-Yurudu N.O, Kimiran-Erdem A. and Cotuk A. (2007) Studies on the efficacy of Chloramine T trihydrate (N-chloro-p-toluene sulfonamide) against planktonic and sessile populations of different Legionella pneumophila strains. International Journal of Hygiene Environmental Health, 210 (2):147-53.
  • Schwartz T., Hoffmann S., Obst U. (1998) Formation and bacterial composition of young, natural biofilms obtained from public bankfiltered drinking water systems. Water Research, 32 (9): 2787-2797.
  • Schwartz T., Kohnen W., Jansen B. and Obst U. (2003) Detection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their resistance genes in wastewater, surface water, and drinking water biofilms. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 43: 325-335.
  • Stepanovic´ S., C´irkovic´ I., Ranin L. and Svabic´Vlahovic M. (2004) Biofilm formation by Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes on plastic surface. Letters in Applied Microbiologyl, 38: 428–432.
  • Stoodley P., Cargo R., Rupp C.J., Wilson S. and Klapper I. (2002) Biofilm material properties as related to shear-induced deformation and detachment phenomena. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 29: 361 – 367.
  • Türetgen I. and Cotuk A. (2007) Monitoring of biofilm-associated Legionella pneumophila on different substrata in model cooling tower system. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 125: 271-279.
  • Xu K. D., Stewart P.S., Xia F., Huang C.T. and McFeters G.A. (1998) Spatial physiological heterogeneity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm is determined by oxygen availability. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 64 (10): 4035-4039.
  • Zacheus O.M., Iivanainen E.K., Nissinen T.K., Lehtola M.J. and Martikainen P.J. (2000) Bacterial biofilm formation on polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene and stainless steel exposed to ozonated water. Water Research, 34 (1): 63-70.
  • Zeybek Z., Dogruoz N., Cotuk A. (2005) In vitro anti-Legionella activity of the Bacillus strains. 6th Congress of the International Federation of Infection Control, October 13-16, İstanbul.
Toplam 25 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ayten Kimiran Erdem

Nazmiye Ozlem Sanli-yürüdü Bu kişi benim

Elif Özlem Arslan-aydoğdu Bu kişi benim

Nihal Dogruoz Bu kişi benim

Zuhal Zeybek Bu kişi benim

İrfan Türetgen Bu kişi benim

Aysin Cotuk Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 11 Kasım 2010
Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Kasım 2010
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2008 Cilt: 67 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

AMA Kimiran Erdem A, Sanli-yürüdü NO, Arslan-aydoğdu EÖ, Dogruoz N, Zeybek Z, Türetgen İ, Cotuk A. Quantitative Microbiological Analysis of Biofilm Communities from the Surfaces of Different Cooling Tower Materials. Eur J Biol. Kasım 2010;67(1):9-16.