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Gamma Radiation Shielding and Thermal Properties of the polystyrene /Tungsten (VI) Oxide Composites

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2, 395 - 407, 31.08.2021
https://doi.org/10.18185/erzifbed.875739

Öz

In the current study, it was shown that polystyrene (PS) composites holding tungsten (VI) oxide were formed in groups (10% to 50%) by radical polymerization. For this goal, the styrene reacted with BPO for 2.5 hours at 70 °C in tetrahydrofuran (THF) to give the consistent polymer. Synthesized PS were defined by FTIR, GPC (Mn = 7900 g/mol PDI = 1.66), SEM and 1H NMR spectroscopy. PS-tungsten (VI) oxide composites formed between 80-85°C. The gamma-ray of composites was calculated using the NaI(Tl) scintillation detector. Linear attenuation coefficients were also estimated hypothetically by the XCOM platform, taking into account the fundamental analysis of composites and comparing them with empirical outcomes. Among the composites studied, the best protective material was PS -50% W03 with lower absorption thicknesses and a higher linear slimming coefficient. Thermal degradation of unirradiated and irradiated polymer composites has also been examined

Kaynakça

  • Dawood , A. F. M. S. K. 2017. ''Study of Some Shielding Parameters of Gamma Rays and Fast Neutrons for Various Shielding Materials'', Int. J. Sci. Res., 6, 239-245.
  • Knoll, G. F. (2000). ''Radiation Detection and Measurement Third Edition'', New York, USA.
  • Tsoulfanidis, N. 1995. ''Measurement and Detection of Radiation'' New York, U.S.A.
  • Harrison, C. Weaver, S. Bertelsen, C. Burgett, E. Hertel, N. Grulke, E. 2008. ''Polyethylene/boron nitride composites for space radiation shielding'', J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 109, 2529–2538.
  • Erdem, M. Baykara, O. Doĝru, M. Kuluöztürk, F. 2010. ''A novel shielding material prepared from solid waste containing lead for gamma ray'', Radiat. Phys. Chem.79, 917-922.
  • Lamarsh, J. R. Baratta, A. J. 2001. ''Introduction to nuclear engineering'', New York, USA.
  • Gorbatkina, Y. A. Ivanova-Mumzhieva, V. G. Ulyanova, T. M. 2007. ''Adhesiveness of an epoxy oligomer filled with aluminum oxide powders'', Polym. Sci. Ser. C.,49, 131–134.
  • Yue, K. Luo, W. Dong, X. Wang, C. Wu, G. Jiang, M.Zha, Y. 2009. ''A new lead-free radiation shielding material for radiotherapy'' Radiat. Prot. Dosimetry, 133,256-260.
  • Bobadilla-Sánchez, E. A. Martínez-Barrera, G. Brostow, W. Datashvili, T. 2009. ''Effects of polyester fibers and gamma irradiation on mechanical properties of polymer concrete containing CaCO3 and silica sand'', Express Polym. Lett., 3. 615-621.
  • Martínez-Barrera, G. Vigueras Santiago, E. Hernández López, S. Gencel, O. Ureña-Nuñez, F. 2013. ''Polypropylene Fibers as Reinforcements of Polyester-Based Composites'', Int. J. Polym. Sci, 2013, 1–6.
  • Durkee, R. R. 2005. ''High Density Composites Replace Lead'' Newyork, U.S.A.
  • Mecheri, B. DEpifanio, A. Di Von, M.L. Traversa, E. Licoccia,S. Miyayama, M. 2006, ''Sulfonated Polyether Ether Ketone-Based Composite Membranes Doped with a Tungsten-Based Inorganic Proton Conductor for Fuel Cell Applications'', J. Electrochem. Soc., 153, 463–467
  • Körpınar, B. Canbaz Öztürk, B. Çam, N. F. Akat, H. 2020. ''Radiation shielding properties of Poly(hydroxylethylmethacrylate)/Tungsten (VI) oxide composites'', Mater. Chem. Phys. 239, 1-8.
  • Osei-Mensah, W. Fletcher, J. J. Danso, K. A. 2012. ''Assessment of Radiation Shielding Properties of Polyester Steel Composite using MCNP5'', International Journal of Science and Technology, 2, 1-6.
  • Muisener, P. A. O. Clayton, L. DAngelo, J. Harmona, J.P. 2002, ''Effects of gamma radiation on poly(methyl methacrylate)/single-wall nanotube composites'', J. Mater. Res.. 17, 2507–2513.
  • Gökçe, H. S. Öztürk, B. C Çam, N. F. Andiç-Çakır, Ö. 2018, ''Gamma-ray attenuation coefficients and transmission thickness of high consistency heavyweight concrete containing mineral admixture'', Cem. Concr. Compos. 92, 56-69.
  • Akkurt, I. Akyildirim, H. Mavi, B. Kilincarslan, S. Basyigit, C. 2010.''Photon attenuation coefficients of concrete includes barite in different rate'' Ann. Nucl. Energy 37(7), 910-914.
  • Salama, E. Maher, A.Youssef, G. M. 2019.''Gamma radiation and neutron shielding properties of transparent alkali borosilicate glass containing lead'', J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 131, 139-147. Sayyed M. I., Elbashir B. O., Tekin H. O., Altunsoy E. E., Gaikwad D. K. 2018. ''Radiation shielding properties of pentaternary borate glasses using MCNPX code'', J. Phys. Chem. Solids 121,17-21.
  • Verdipoor, K. Alemi, A. Mesbahi, 2018, ''A. Photon mass attenuation coefficients of a silicon resin loaded with WO3, PbO, and Bi2O3 Micro and Nano-particles for radiation shielding'', Radiat. Phys. Chem., 147, 85-90.
  • Lim, S. L. Fane, A. G. Fell, C. J. D. 1990. ''Radiation‐induced grafting of regenerated cellulose hollow‐fiber membranes'', J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 41, 1609-1616.
  • Shintani, H. Kikuchi, H. Nakamura, A. 1991. ''Effects of gamma-ray irradiation on the change of characteristics of polyurethane'', Polym. Degrad. Stab., 32, 17-30.
  • You, F. Li, Y. Zuo, Y. Li, J. 2013, ''The Influence of Gamma-Ray Irradiation on the Mechanical and Thermal Behaviors of nHA/PA66 Composite Scaffolds'', Sci. World J., 2013,1-6.

Polistiren / Tungsten (VI) Oksit Kompozitlerin Gama Radyasyon Durdurma ve Termal Özellikleri

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2, 395 - 407, 31.08.2021
https://doi.org/10.18185/erzifbed.875739

Öz

Bu çalışmada, radikal polimerizasyon ile tungsten (VI) oksit polistiren (PS) kompozitlerin gruplar halinde (% 10-% 50) oluştuğu gösterilmiştir. Bu amaç için stiren, istenilen polimeri vermek üzere tetrahidrofuran (THF) içinde 70 ° C'de BPO ile 2.5 saat reaksiyona girdi. Sentezlenen PS, FTIR, GPC (Mn = 7900 g / mol PDI = 1.66), SEM ve 1H NMR spektroskopisi ile tanımlandı. 80-85 ° C arasında oluşan PS-tungsten (VI) oksit kompozitlerin gama ışını, NaI (Tl) sintilasyon detektörü kullanılarak hesaplandı. Lineer soğurma katsayıları, bileşiklerin temel analizi dikkate alınarak ve deneysel sonuçlarla karşılaştırılarak XCOM platformu tarafından varsayımsal olarak da hesaplandı. İncelenen kompozitler arasında en iyi koruyucu malzeme, daha düşük absorpsiyon kalınlıkları ve daha yüksek lineer soğurma katsayısı ile PS-%50 W03'tir. Işınlanmamış ve ışınlanmış polimer kompozitlerin termal bozunması da incelenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Dawood , A. F. M. S. K. 2017. ''Study of Some Shielding Parameters of Gamma Rays and Fast Neutrons for Various Shielding Materials'', Int. J. Sci. Res., 6, 239-245.
  • Knoll, G. F. (2000). ''Radiation Detection and Measurement Third Edition'', New York, USA.
  • Tsoulfanidis, N. 1995. ''Measurement and Detection of Radiation'' New York, U.S.A.
  • Harrison, C. Weaver, S. Bertelsen, C. Burgett, E. Hertel, N. Grulke, E. 2008. ''Polyethylene/boron nitride composites for space radiation shielding'', J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 109, 2529–2538.
  • Erdem, M. Baykara, O. Doĝru, M. Kuluöztürk, F. 2010. ''A novel shielding material prepared from solid waste containing lead for gamma ray'', Radiat. Phys. Chem.79, 917-922.
  • Lamarsh, J. R. Baratta, A. J. 2001. ''Introduction to nuclear engineering'', New York, USA.
  • Gorbatkina, Y. A. Ivanova-Mumzhieva, V. G. Ulyanova, T. M. 2007. ''Adhesiveness of an epoxy oligomer filled with aluminum oxide powders'', Polym. Sci. Ser. C.,49, 131–134.
  • Yue, K. Luo, W. Dong, X. Wang, C. Wu, G. Jiang, M.Zha, Y. 2009. ''A new lead-free radiation shielding material for radiotherapy'' Radiat. Prot. Dosimetry, 133,256-260.
  • Bobadilla-Sánchez, E. A. Martínez-Barrera, G. Brostow, W. Datashvili, T. 2009. ''Effects of polyester fibers and gamma irradiation on mechanical properties of polymer concrete containing CaCO3 and silica sand'', Express Polym. Lett., 3. 615-621.
  • Martínez-Barrera, G. Vigueras Santiago, E. Hernández López, S. Gencel, O. Ureña-Nuñez, F. 2013. ''Polypropylene Fibers as Reinforcements of Polyester-Based Composites'', Int. J. Polym. Sci, 2013, 1–6.
  • Durkee, R. R. 2005. ''High Density Composites Replace Lead'' Newyork, U.S.A.
  • Mecheri, B. DEpifanio, A. Di Von, M.L. Traversa, E. Licoccia,S. Miyayama, M. 2006, ''Sulfonated Polyether Ether Ketone-Based Composite Membranes Doped with a Tungsten-Based Inorganic Proton Conductor for Fuel Cell Applications'', J. Electrochem. Soc., 153, 463–467
  • Körpınar, B. Canbaz Öztürk, B. Çam, N. F. Akat, H. 2020. ''Radiation shielding properties of Poly(hydroxylethylmethacrylate)/Tungsten (VI) oxide composites'', Mater. Chem. Phys. 239, 1-8.
  • Osei-Mensah, W. Fletcher, J. J. Danso, K. A. 2012. ''Assessment of Radiation Shielding Properties of Polyester Steel Composite using MCNP5'', International Journal of Science and Technology, 2, 1-6.
  • Muisener, P. A. O. Clayton, L. DAngelo, J. Harmona, J.P. 2002, ''Effects of gamma radiation on poly(methyl methacrylate)/single-wall nanotube composites'', J. Mater. Res.. 17, 2507–2513.
  • Gökçe, H. S. Öztürk, B. C Çam, N. F. Andiç-Çakır, Ö. 2018, ''Gamma-ray attenuation coefficients and transmission thickness of high consistency heavyweight concrete containing mineral admixture'', Cem. Concr. Compos. 92, 56-69.
  • Akkurt, I. Akyildirim, H. Mavi, B. Kilincarslan, S. Basyigit, C. 2010.''Photon attenuation coefficients of concrete includes barite in different rate'' Ann. Nucl. Energy 37(7), 910-914.
  • Salama, E. Maher, A.Youssef, G. M. 2019.''Gamma radiation and neutron shielding properties of transparent alkali borosilicate glass containing lead'', J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 131, 139-147. Sayyed M. I., Elbashir B. O., Tekin H. O., Altunsoy E. E., Gaikwad D. K. 2018. ''Radiation shielding properties of pentaternary borate glasses using MCNPX code'', J. Phys. Chem. Solids 121,17-21.
  • Verdipoor, K. Alemi, A. Mesbahi, 2018, ''A. Photon mass attenuation coefficients of a silicon resin loaded with WO3, PbO, and Bi2O3 Micro and Nano-particles for radiation shielding'', Radiat. Phys. Chem., 147, 85-90.
  • Lim, S. L. Fane, A. G. Fell, C. J. D. 1990. ''Radiation‐induced grafting of regenerated cellulose hollow‐fiber membranes'', J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 41, 1609-1616.
  • Shintani, H. Kikuchi, H. Nakamura, A. 1991. ''Effects of gamma-ray irradiation on the change of characteristics of polyurethane'', Polym. Degrad. Stab., 32, 17-30.
  • You, F. Li, Y. Zuo, Y. Li, J. 2013, ''The Influence of Gamma-Ray Irradiation on the Mechanical and Thermal Behaviors of nHA/PA66 Composite Scaffolds'', Sci. World J., 2013,1-6.
Toplam 22 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Berna Körpınar Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-9149-5234

Buket Canbaz 0000-0001-5761-5901

Füsun Çam 0000-0002-1016-4733

Hakan Akat 0000-0003-4002-5352

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Körpınar, B., Canbaz, B., Çam, F., Akat, H. (2021). Gamma Radiation Shielding and Thermal Properties of the polystyrene /Tungsten (VI) Oxide Composites. Erzincan University Journal of Science and Technology, 14(2), 395-407. https://doi.org/10.18185/erzifbed.875739