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LGBTİQ+ Mültecilerde Sağlık Gereksinimleri

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, 77 - 83, 15.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.46483/deuhfed.765100

Öz

Çatışmaların sıklıkla saldırganlığa döndüğü durumlarda, en ağır kayıplar öncelikli olarak kadınlar ve çocuklar gibi desteklenmeye gereksinimi olan gruplarda yaşanmaktayken, LGBTİQ+ nüfus da bu incinebilir grupların arasında yer almaktadır. Toplumun ‘normal’ kabul ettiği sınırlar dışında kalan diğer gruplar gibi LGBTİQ+’lar da temel hakları için mücadele etmekteyken, yaşamın devamlılığının tehdit altında olduğu savaş ve mültecilik koşulları altında yaşanabilecek riskler gittikçe güçlenmektedir. Bugün yaklaşık dört milyona yakın Suriyeli savaş mağduru mülteciye kapılarını açan Türkiye, mültecilere sığınma ve can güvenliği desteği veren önemli bir ülke rolünü sürdürmesinin yanında LGBTİQ+ nüfusun haklarına yönelik bu mücadelenin önemli bir ortağı kabul edilebilir. Hemşireler, sağlık hizmeti sunumunun ön saflarında yer alıyor olmaları ve hizmetin planlanması ve yürütülmesinde uygulayıcı, eğitici ve savunucu kimlikleri ile bu mücadelede kilit bir role sahiptirler. Bu derlemede savaş nedeniyle ülkelerinden ayrılmak zorunda kalmış LGBTİQ+ mültecilerin fiziksel ve psikososyal bir yaklaşımla sağlık bakım gereksinimlerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Türkiye’deki Suriyeli LGBTİQ+’lar penceresinden, mülteci LGBTİQ+’ların genel sağlık gereksinimlerine ışık tutulması planlanmış, sağlık ekibinin öncelikli gücü olan hemşirelik disiplini uygulamalarına yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.

Destekleyen Kurum

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Proje Numarası

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Teşekkür

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Kaynakça

  • 1. Beycan Ekitli G, Çam MO. A review of our handicapped area of care process, LGBTI. J Psychiatr Nurs [Online]. 2017;8(3):179–87. Available from: https://www.journalagent.com/phd/pdfs/PHD-97659-REVIEW-BEYCAN_EKITLI.pdf
  • 2. Helsinki Citizens’ Assembly- Turkey Refugee Advocacy and Support Program & Organization for Refuge Asylum Migration. Unsafe heaven : the security challenges facing lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender asylum seekers and refugees in Turkey [Online]. 2011. Available from: http://www.oraminternational.org/images/stories/PDFs/oram-unsafe-haven-2011.pdf
  • 3. Fox SD, Griffin RH, Pachankis JE. Minority stress, social integration, and the mental health needs of LGBTQ asylum seekers in North America. Soc Sci Med. 2020;246:112727.
  • 4. KaosGL. Türkiye’nin LGBTİ mülteciler ile imtihanı (Turkey’s strugle with LGBT refugees) [Online]. Ankara; 2017. Available from: http://www.kaosgldernegi.org/yayindetay.php?id=271
  • 5. Tourner I, Walker X, Wiley E, Mattar C, Esen F, Mijaljica G et al. Refugees and asylum seekers in Europe. World Med J. 2015;61(3):89–97.
  • 6. Lynam MJ, Loock C, Scott L, Khan KB. Culture, health, and inequalities: new paradigms, new practice imperatives. J Res Nurs. 2008;13(2):138-48.
  • 7. Hutchinson MK, Thompson AC, Cederbaum JA. Multisystem factors contributing to disparities in preventive health care among lesbian women. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs [Online]. 2006;35(3):393-402. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16700689/. 13 Kasım 2020
  • 8. Valentine SE, Shipherd JC. A systematic review of social stress and mental health among transgender and gender non-conforming people in the United States. Clin Psychol Rev [Online]. 2018;66:24-38. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2018.03.003/. 13 Kasım 2020
  • 9. Fish J. Conceptualising social exclusion and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people: the implications for promoting equity in nursing policy and practice. J Res Nurs [Online]. 2010;5(4):303-12. URL: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1744987110364691/. 13 Kasım 2020
  • 10. Lambda Legal. When health care isn’t caring: Lamda Legal’s survey on discrimination against LGBT people and people living with HIV [online]. 2010. URL: http://www.lambdalegal.org/health-care-report/. 13 Kasım 2020
  • 11. Özcan E, Pak MD, Aktan MC. Multiple discriminations for LGBTI refugees in Turkey: human rights violation and struggle against. İçinde Demirdizen DÇ, Taşkıran G. Current debates in labour economics, demography & gender studies. IJOPEC Publication; 2017:123-146.
  • 12. Özgür Baklavacıoğlu N, Kıvılcım Z. Sürgünde toplumsal cinsiyet, İstanbul’da Suriyeli kadın ve LGBTİ mülteciler (Gender in exile, Syrian women and LGBTI refugees in Istanbul). İstanbul: Derin Yayınları; 2015.
  • 13. Hall S, Sajnani R. Mental health challenges for LGBT asylum seekers in Canada. [Online] 2010. URL: https://www.amssa.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Envisioning-Mental-Health-Information-Sheet1.pdf. 10 Kasım 2020
  • 14. Messih M. Mental health in LGBT refugee populations. Am J Psychiatry Resid J. 2016;11(7):5–7.
  • 15. Gessen M. The L.G.B.T. refugees in Turkey who refuse to be forgotten [Online]. The New Yorker. 2017. URL: https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/the-lgbt-refugees-in-turkey-who-refuse-to-be-forgotten/. 22 Kasım 2019
  • 16. KaosGL. Gökpınar Ö: KaosGL, son 6 aydır LGBT mülteciler için ne yaptı? (Gökpınar Ö: what has KaosGL done for LGBT refugees in the last 6 months?) 2010. [Online]. URL: https:// https://www.kaosgl.org/haber/kaos-gl-son-6-aydir-lgbt-multeciler-icin-ne-yapti. 22 Kasım 2019
  • 17. Zeeman L, Sherriff N, Browne K, Mc Glynn N, Mirandola M, Gios L, et al. A review of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and intersex (LGBTI) health and healthcare inequalities. Eur J Public Health [Online]. 2019;29(5):974–80. URL: https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article/29/5/974/5151209. 22 Ekim 2019
  • 18. TC İçişleri Bakanlığı Göç İdaresi Genel Müdürlüğü. Yıllara göre geçiçi koruma kapsamındaki Suriyeliler (Syrians under temporary protection by years). 2020. [Online] URL: https://www.goc.gov.tr/gecici-koruma5638. 17 Ocak 2020
  • 19. KaosGL. Sığınmacı ve mülteci, lezbiyen, gey, biseksüel, trans bireyler (Refugees and refugees, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender persons) 2012 [Online]. URL: http://www.kaosgldernegi.org/haber.php?id=7476. 13 Ocak 2020
  • 20. Lick DJ, Durso LE, Johnson KL. Minority stress and physical health among sexual minorities. Perspect Psychol Sci. 2013;8(5):521–48.
  • 21. Lim FA, Brown D V, Kim SMJ. Addressing health care disparities in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender population: a review of best practices. Am J Nurs. 2014;114(6):24–34.
  • 22. Aydoğan S, Metintaş S. Türkiye’ye gelen dış göç ve sağlığa etkileri (The effects of out-migration and health from Turkey). Türk Dünyası Uygul ve Araştırma Merk Halk Sağlığı Derg. 2017;2(2):37–45.
  • 23. Fobear KM. Accordion homes : lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans (LGBT) refugees’ experiences of home and belonging in Canada. University of British Columbia; 2016.
  • 24. Morgan C. Making homelessness applications for refugees in England newly recognised single refugees [Internet]. 2019. Available from: www.refugeecouncil.org.uk
  • 25. Piwowarczyk L, Fernandez P, Sharma A. Seeking asylum: challenges faced by the LGB community. J Immigr Minor Heal. 2017;19(3):723–32.
  • 26. Meyer IH. Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychol Bull. 2003;129(5):674–97.
  • 27. Yalçınoğlu N, Önal E. Eşcinsel ve biseksüel erkeklerin içselleştirilmiş homofobi düzeyi ve sağlık üzerine etkileri (The internalized homophobia level of the homosexual and bisexual men and its effect on the health). Turkish J Public Heal. 2014;12:100–12.
  • 28. Birleşmiş Milletler İnsan Hakları Yüksek Komiserliği. Herkes özgür ve eşi̇t doğar, uluslararası insan hakları hukukunda cinsel yönelim ve cinsiyet kimliği. 2013. [Online] URL: https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/BornFreeAndEqual_Turkish.pdf. 16 Şubat 2020
  • 29. Fish J, Bewley S. Using human rights-based approaches to conceptualise lesbian and bisexual women’s health inequalities. Heal Soc Care Community. 2010 Jul;18(4):355–62.
  • 30. Herman J. Travma ve iyileşme, şiddetin sonuçları, ev içi istismardan siyasi teröre. 3. Basım. Tosun T., editor. istanbul: Literatür; 2015.
  • 31. Blosnich J, Lee JGL, Horn K. A systematic review of the aetiology of tobacco disparities for sexual minorities. Tob Control. 2013 Mar;22(2):66–73.
  • 32. Türkçapar H. Şiddet ve düşünce. Başka, Psikiyatr ve Düşünce Derg. 2009;3:90–102.
  • 33. European Commission. 2013 Turkey progress report. 2013.
  • 34. Jackman KB, Bosse JD, Eliason MJ, Hughes TL. Sexual and gender minority health research in nursing. Nurs Outlook [Online]. 2019;67(1):21–38. URL:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2018.10.006. 13 Kasım 2020
  • 35. Beycan Ekitli G, Eroğlu S. Bir hemşirelik fakültesi öğrencilerinin eşcinselliğe ilişkin görüş ve tutumları (Opinions and attitudes of a nursing faculty students about homosexuality). In: IV Uluslararası VIII Ulusal Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Kongresi Kongre Kitabı. Manisa: IV. Uluslararası VIII. Ulusal Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Kongresi, 6-9 Kasım 2016, Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Süleyman Demirel Kültür Merkezi.; 2016. p. 297.
  • 36. Maslow A. No Title. In: Stacey CL deMartino M, editor. Understanding human motivation. Cleveland, OH, US: Howard Allen Publishers; 1958. p. 26–47.
  • 37. National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI). LGBTQ. National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMİ) [Online]. URL: https://www.nami.org/Find-Support/LGBTQ. 17 Ocak 2020
  • 38. Erdoğan B, Köten E. "As kendini de hepimiz kurtulalım artık!”: sosyal dışlanmadan intihara LGBT gençler ("Hang Yourself and Save us the Trouble!”: Lgbt youth, from social exclusion to suicide). Altern Polit [Online]. 2015;7(1):143–67. URL: http://alternatifpolitika.com/eng/makale/as-kendini-de-hepimiz-kurtulalim-artik-sosyal-dislanmadan-intihara-lgbt-gencler. 14 Ocak 2020
  • 39. International Council of Nurses (ICN). The vital role of nurses in the care and wellbeing of refugees and migrants [Online]. URL: https://www.icn.ch/news/international-council-nurses-highlights-vital-role-nurses-care-and-wellbeing-refugees-and. 13 Kasım 2020
  • 40. McClain Z, Hawkins LA, Yehia BR. Creating welcoming spaces for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) patients: an evaluation of the health care environment. J Homosex. 2016;63(3):387–93.
  • 41. Lee H, Vlaev I, King D, Mayer E, Darzi A, Dolan P. Subjective well-being and the measurement of quality in healthcare. Soc Sci Med. 2013;99:27–34.
  • 42. Pradhan M, Edmonds M, Runciman WB. Quality in healthcare: process. Bailliere’s Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2001 Dec 1;15(4):555–71.
  • 43. Ryan C, Russell S, Huebner D, Al. E. Family acceptance in adolescence and the health of LGBT young adults. J Child Adolesc Psychiiatr Nurs. 2010;23:205–13.
  • 44. Tortumluoğlu G. Transkültürel hemşirelik ve kültürel bakım modeli örnekleri (Transcultural nursing and cultural care model examples). CÜ Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Derg. 2004;8(2):47–57.
  • 45. Bonvicini KA. LGBT healthcare disparities: What progress have we made? Patient Educ Couns [Online]. 2017;100(12):2357–61. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2017.06.003. 20 Ocak 2019

Health Requirements For LGBTIQ+ Refugees

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, 77 - 83, 15.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.46483/deuhfed.765100

Öz

Where conflicts often turn to aggression, the heaviest losses are primarily in groups that need support, such as women and children, while the LGBTIQ+ population is among these vulnerable groups. Like other groups outside the boundaries that society accepts as 'normal', LGBTIQ+ population are struggling for their basic human rights, while potential risks are getting stronger if they are under a war and refugee conditions where continuity of life is threatened. Today, Turkey has opened its border crossing about four million war victimized Syrian, and maintains the role as one of the most important countries that provides refugee and life safety support to them. Nurses are at the forefront of healthcare system and play a key role in this challenge, as they are organizers of this service, as well as their roles of educator and advocate. Also, Turkey can be considered as an important partner of this struggle for the LGBTIQ+ population. This review’s aimed to investigate the health care needs of LGBTIQ+ refugees with a physical and psychosocial approach, who had to leave their countries due to the war. In according to view of Syrian LGBTIQ+ refugees in Turkey, LGBTIQ+ refugees' general health requirements will be shed light on and suggestions were presented for the practices of nursing discipline, which is the primary force of the healthcare team. 

Proje Numarası

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Kaynakça

  • 1. Beycan Ekitli G, Çam MO. A review of our handicapped area of care process, LGBTI. J Psychiatr Nurs [Online]. 2017;8(3):179–87. Available from: https://www.journalagent.com/phd/pdfs/PHD-97659-REVIEW-BEYCAN_EKITLI.pdf
  • 2. Helsinki Citizens’ Assembly- Turkey Refugee Advocacy and Support Program & Organization for Refuge Asylum Migration. Unsafe heaven : the security challenges facing lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender asylum seekers and refugees in Turkey [Online]. 2011. Available from: http://www.oraminternational.org/images/stories/PDFs/oram-unsafe-haven-2011.pdf
  • 3. Fox SD, Griffin RH, Pachankis JE. Minority stress, social integration, and the mental health needs of LGBTQ asylum seekers in North America. Soc Sci Med. 2020;246:112727.
  • 4. KaosGL. Türkiye’nin LGBTİ mülteciler ile imtihanı (Turkey’s strugle with LGBT refugees) [Online]. Ankara; 2017. Available from: http://www.kaosgldernegi.org/yayindetay.php?id=271
  • 5. Tourner I, Walker X, Wiley E, Mattar C, Esen F, Mijaljica G et al. Refugees and asylum seekers in Europe. World Med J. 2015;61(3):89–97.
  • 6. Lynam MJ, Loock C, Scott L, Khan KB. Culture, health, and inequalities: new paradigms, new practice imperatives. J Res Nurs. 2008;13(2):138-48.
  • 7. Hutchinson MK, Thompson AC, Cederbaum JA. Multisystem factors contributing to disparities in preventive health care among lesbian women. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs [Online]. 2006;35(3):393-402. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16700689/. 13 Kasım 2020
  • 8. Valentine SE, Shipherd JC. A systematic review of social stress and mental health among transgender and gender non-conforming people in the United States. Clin Psychol Rev [Online]. 2018;66:24-38. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2018.03.003/. 13 Kasım 2020
  • 9. Fish J. Conceptualising social exclusion and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people: the implications for promoting equity in nursing policy and practice. J Res Nurs [Online]. 2010;5(4):303-12. URL: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1744987110364691/. 13 Kasım 2020
  • 10. Lambda Legal. When health care isn’t caring: Lamda Legal’s survey on discrimination against LGBT people and people living with HIV [online]. 2010. URL: http://www.lambdalegal.org/health-care-report/. 13 Kasım 2020
  • 11. Özcan E, Pak MD, Aktan MC. Multiple discriminations for LGBTI refugees in Turkey: human rights violation and struggle against. İçinde Demirdizen DÇ, Taşkıran G. Current debates in labour economics, demography & gender studies. IJOPEC Publication; 2017:123-146.
  • 12. Özgür Baklavacıoğlu N, Kıvılcım Z. Sürgünde toplumsal cinsiyet, İstanbul’da Suriyeli kadın ve LGBTİ mülteciler (Gender in exile, Syrian women and LGBTI refugees in Istanbul). İstanbul: Derin Yayınları; 2015.
  • 13. Hall S, Sajnani R. Mental health challenges for LGBT asylum seekers in Canada. [Online] 2010. URL: https://www.amssa.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Envisioning-Mental-Health-Information-Sheet1.pdf. 10 Kasım 2020
  • 14. Messih M. Mental health in LGBT refugee populations. Am J Psychiatry Resid J. 2016;11(7):5–7.
  • 15. Gessen M. The L.G.B.T. refugees in Turkey who refuse to be forgotten [Online]. The New Yorker. 2017. URL: https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/the-lgbt-refugees-in-turkey-who-refuse-to-be-forgotten/. 22 Kasım 2019
  • 16. KaosGL. Gökpınar Ö: KaosGL, son 6 aydır LGBT mülteciler için ne yaptı? (Gökpınar Ö: what has KaosGL done for LGBT refugees in the last 6 months?) 2010. [Online]. URL: https:// https://www.kaosgl.org/haber/kaos-gl-son-6-aydir-lgbt-multeciler-icin-ne-yapti. 22 Kasım 2019
  • 17. Zeeman L, Sherriff N, Browne K, Mc Glynn N, Mirandola M, Gios L, et al. A review of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and intersex (LGBTI) health and healthcare inequalities. Eur J Public Health [Online]. 2019;29(5):974–80. URL: https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article/29/5/974/5151209. 22 Ekim 2019
  • 18. TC İçişleri Bakanlığı Göç İdaresi Genel Müdürlüğü. Yıllara göre geçiçi koruma kapsamındaki Suriyeliler (Syrians under temporary protection by years). 2020. [Online] URL: https://www.goc.gov.tr/gecici-koruma5638. 17 Ocak 2020
  • 19. KaosGL. Sığınmacı ve mülteci, lezbiyen, gey, biseksüel, trans bireyler (Refugees and refugees, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender persons) 2012 [Online]. URL: http://www.kaosgldernegi.org/haber.php?id=7476. 13 Ocak 2020
  • 20. Lick DJ, Durso LE, Johnson KL. Minority stress and physical health among sexual minorities. Perspect Psychol Sci. 2013;8(5):521–48.
  • 21. Lim FA, Brown D V, Kim SMJ. Addressing health care disparities in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender population: a review of best practices. Am J Nurs. 2014;114(6):24–34.
  • 22. Aydoğan S, Metintaş S. Türkiye’ye gelen dış göç ve sağlığa etkileri (The effects of out-migration and health from Turkey). Türk Dünyası Uygul ve Araştırma Merk Halk Sağlığı Derg. 2017;2(2):37–45.
  • 23. Fobear KM. Accordion homes : lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans (LGBT) refugees’ experiences of home and belonging in Canada. University of British Columbia; 2016.
  • 24. Morgan C. Making homelessness applications for refugees in England newly recognised single refugees [Internet]. 2019. Available from: www.refugeecouncil.org.uk
  • 25. Piwowarczyk L, Fernandez P, Sharma A. Seeking asylum: challenges faced by the LGB community. J Immigr Minor Heal. 2017;19(3):723–32.
  • 26. Meyer IH. Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychol Bull. 2003;129(5):674–97.
  • 27. Yalçınoğlu N, Önal E. Eşcinsel ve biseksüel erkeklerin içselleştirilmiş homofobi düzeyi ve sağlık üzerine etkileri (The internalized homophobia level of the homosexual and bisexual men and its effect on the health). Turkish J Public Heal. 2014;12:100–12.
  • 28. Birleşmiş Milletler İnsan Hakları Yüksek Komiserliği. Herkes özgür ve eşi̇t doğar, uluslararası insan hakları hukukunda cinsel yönelim ve cinsiyet kimliği. 2013. [Online] URL: https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/BornFreeAndEqual_Turkish.pdf. 16 Şubat 2020
  • 29. Fish J, Bewley S. Using human rights-based approaches to conceptualise lesbian and bisexual women’s health inequalities. Heal Soc Care Community. 2010 Jul;18(4):355–62.
  • 30. Herman J. Travma ve iyileşme, şiddetin sonuçları, ev içi istismardan siyasi teröre. 3. Basım. Tosun T., editor. istanbul: Literatür; 2015.
  • 31. Blosnich J, Lee JGL, Horn K. A systematic review of the aetiology of tobacco disparities for sexual minorities. Tob Control. 2013 Mar;22(2):66–73.
  • 32. Türkçapar H. Şiddet ve düşünce. Başka, Psikiyatr ve Düşünce Derg. 2009;3:90–102.
  • 33. European Commission. 2013 Turkey progress report. 2013.
  • 34. Jackman KB, Bosse JD, Eliason MJ, Hughes TL. Sexual and gender minority health research in nursing. Nurs Outlook [Online]. 2019;67(1):21–38. URL:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2018.10.006. 13 Kasım 2020
  • 35. Beycan Ekitli G, Eroğlu S. Bir hemşirelik fakültesi öğrencilerinin eşcinselliğe ilişkin görüş ve tutumları (Opinions and attitudes of a nursing faculty students about homosexuality). In: IV Uluslararası VIII Ulusal Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Kongresi Kongre Kitabı. Manisa: IV. Uluslararası VIII. Ulusal Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Kongresi, 6-9 Kasım 2016, Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Süleyman Demirel Kültür Merkezi.; 2016. p. 297.
  • 36. Maslow A. No Title. In: Stacey CL deMartino M, editor. Understanding human motivation. Cleveland, OH, US: Howard Allen Publishers; 1958. p. 26–47.
  • 37. National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI). LGBTQ. National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMİ) [Online]. URL: https://www.nami.org/Find-Support/LGBTQ. 17 Ocak 2020
  • 38. Erdoğan B, Köten E. "As kendini de hepimiz kurtulalım artık!”: sosyal dışlanmadan intihara LGBT gençler ("Hang Yourself and Save us the Trouble!”: Lgbt youth, from social exclusion to suicide). Altern Polit [Online]. 2015;7(1):143–67. URL: http://alternatifpolitika.com/eng/makale/as-kendini-de-hepimiz-kurtulalim-artik-sosyal-dislanmadan-intihara-lgbt-gencler. 14 Ocak 2020
  • 39. International Council of Nurses (ICN). The vital role of nurses in the care and wellbeing of refugees and migrants [Online]. URL: https://www.icn.ch/news/international-council-nurses-highlights-vital-role-nurses-care-and-wellbeing-refugees-and. 13 Kasım 2020
  • 40. McClain Z, Hawkins LA, Yehia BR. Creating welcoming spaces for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) patients: an evaluation of the health care environment. J Homosex. 2016;63(3):387–93.
  • 41. Lee H, Vlaev I, King D, Mayer E, Darzi A, Dolan P. Subjective well-being and the measurement of quality in healthcare. Soc Sci Med. 2013;99:27–34.
  • 42. Pradhan M, Edmonds M, Runciman WB. Quality in healthcare: process. Bailliere’s Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2001 Dec 1;15(4):555–71.
  • 43. Ryan C, Russell S, Huebner D, Al. E. Family acceptance in adolescence and the health of LGBT young adults. J Child Adolesc Psychiiatr Nurs. 2010;23:205–13.
  • 44. Tortumluoğlu G. Transkültürel hemşirelik ve kültürel bakım modeli örnekleri (Transcultural nursing and cultural care model examples). CÜ Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Derg. 2004;8(2):47–57.
  • 45. Bonvicini KA. LGBT healthcare disparities: What progress have we made? Patient Educ Couns [Online]. 2017;100(12):2357–61. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2017.06.003. 20 Ocak 2019
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Hemşirelik
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Gizem Beycan Ekitli 0000-0002-7308-5629

Emel Öztürk Turgut 0000-0003-0620-2749

Ayşegül Dönmez 0000-0002-1087-9173

Proje Numarası -
Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Ocak 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Beycan Ekitli, G., Öztürk Turgut, E., & Dönmez, A. (2021). LGBTİQ+ Mültecilerde Sağlık Gereksinimleri. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 14(1), 77-83. https://doi.org/10.46483/deuhfed.765100

Cited By

Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi ULAKBİM Türk Tıp Dizini, Türk Medline, Türkiye Atıf Dizini, Şubat 2021 tarihinden beri EBSCO Host ve 26 Ekim 2021 tarihinden itibaren DOAJ ve 18 Ocak 2022 tarihinden beri Index Copernicus tarafından indekslenmektedir.

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