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Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 9, 838 - 842, 01.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.963002

Abstract

References

  • 1. Canaris GJ, Manowitz NR, Mayor G, Ridgway EC. The Colorado thyroid disease prevalence study. Arch Intern Med. 2000 Feb 28;160(4):526-34. doi: 10.1001/archinte.160.4.526.
  • 2. Vanderpump MP. The epidemiology of thyroid disease. Br Med Bull. 2011;99:39-51. doi: 10.1093/bmb/ldr030. PMID: 21893493.
  • 3. Biondi B, Cooper DS. The clinical significance of subclinical thyroid dysfunction. Endocr Rev. 2008 Feb;29(1):76-131. doi: 10.1210/er.2006-0043. Epub 2007 Nov 8.
  • 4. Wartofsky L, Van Nostrand D, Burman KD. Overt and 'subclinical' hypothyroidism in women. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2006 Aug;61(8):535-42. doi: 10.1097/01.ogx.0000228778.95752.66.
  • 5. Dias AC, Módulo CM, Jorge AG, Braz AM, Jordão AA Jr, Filho RB, et al. Influence of thyroid hormone on thyroid hormone receptor beta-1 expression and lacrimal gland and ocular surface morphology. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007 Jul;48(7):3038-42. doi: 10.1167/iovs.06-1309.
  • 6. Wartofsky L. Diseases of the thyroid. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine Volume Chapter 331. 14th edition. Edited by: Fauci SA, Braunwald E. Philadelphia: The McGraw Hill Companies; 1998. pp. 2012-35.
  • 7. Zhang M, Zhan XL, Ma ZY, Chen XS, Cai QY, Yao ZX. Thyroid hormone alleviates demyelination induced by cuprizone through its role in remyelination during the remission period. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2015 Sep;240(9):1183-96. doi: 10.1177/1535370214565975. Epub 2015 Jan 10.
  • 8. David S, Nathaniel EJ. Development of brain capillaries in euthyroid and hypothyroid rats. Exp Neurol. 1981 Jul;73(1):243-53. doi: 10.1016/0014-4886(81)90059-5.
  • 9. Gabrichidze GO, Lazrishvili NI, Metreveli DS, Bekaya GL, Mitagvariya NP. Local blood flow in the dorsal hippocampus and cerebellar cortex in the offspring of iodine-deficient rats. Neurosci Behav Physiol. 2007 Jun;37(5):495-8. doi: 10.1007/s11055-007-0041-4.
  • 10. Jamshidian Tehrani M, Mahdizad Z, Kasaei A, Fard MA. Early macular and peripapillary vasculature dropout in active thyroid eye disease. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2019 Nov;257(11):2533-2540. doi: 10.1007/s00417-019-04442-8. Epub 2019 Aug 23.
  • 11. Mihailovic N, Lahme L, Rosenberger F, Hirscheider M, Termühlen J, Heiduschka P, et al. ALTERED RETINAL PERFUSION IN PATIENTS WITH INACTIVE GRAVES OPHTHALMOPATHY USING OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY. Endocr Pract. 2020 Mar;26(3):312-317. doi: 10.4158/EP-2019-0328. Epub 2019 Dec 20.
  • 12. Zhang T, Xiao W, Ye H, Chen R, Mao Y, Yang H. Peripapillary and Macular Vessel Density in Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy: An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2019 May 1;60(6):1863-1869. doi: 10.1167/iovs.18-25941.
  • 13. Sarwar S, Hassan M, Soliman MK, Halim MS, Sadiq MA, Afridi R, et al. Diurnal variation of choriocapillaris vessel flow density in normal subjects measured using optical coherence tomography angiography. Int J Retina Vitreous. 2018 Oct 10;4:37. doi: 10.1186/s40942-018-0140-0.
  • 14. Huang D, Jia Y, Gao SS, Lumbroso B, Rispoli M. Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Using the Optovue Device. Dev Ophthalmol. 2016;56:6-12. doi: 10.1159/000442770. Epub 2016 Mar 15.
  • 15. De Groot L, Abalovich M, Alexander EK, Amino N, Barbour L, Cobin RH, et al. Management of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and postpartum: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Aug;97(8):2543-65. doi: 10.1210/jc.2011-2803. Erratum in: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 May 13;106(6):e2461.
  • 16. Braverman LE, Utiger RD. Introduction to hypothyroidism. In: Braverman LE, Utiger RD, editors. Werner and Ingabar’s the thyroid: a fundamental and clinical text. Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2005. pp. 697-9.
  • 17. Khandelwal D, Tandon N. Overt and subclinical hypothyroidism: who to treat and how. Drugs. 2012 Jan 1;72(1):17-33. doi: 10.2165/11598070-000000000-00000.
  • 18. Smith KD, Arthurs BP, Saheb N. An association between hypothyroidism and primary open-angle glaucoma. Ophthalmology. 1993 Oct;100(10):1580-4. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(93)31441-7.
  • 19. Kim M, Kim TW, Park KH, Kim JM. Risk factors for primary open-angle glaucoma in South Korea: the Namil study. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2012 Jul;56(4):324-9. doi: 10.1007/s10384-012-0153-4. Epub 2012 Jun 5.
  • 20. Girkin CA, McGwin G Jr, McNeal SF, Lee PP, Owsley C. Hypothyroidism and the development of open-angle glaucoma in a male population. Ophthalmology. 2004 Sep;111(9):1649-52. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2004.05.026.
  • 21. Wang X, Jiang C, Ko T, Kong X, Yu X, Min W, Shi G, Sun X. Correlation between optic disc perfusion and glaucomatous severity in patients with open-angle glaucoma: an optical coherence tomography angiography study. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2015 Sep;253(9):1557-64. doi: 10.1007/s00417-015-3095-y. Epub 2015 Aug 11.
  • 22. Stein R, Romano A, Treister G, Bartov E. Effect of subconjunctival injection of hyaluronidase on outflow resistance in normal and in open-angle glaucomatous patients. Metab Pediatr Syst Ophthalmol. 1982;6(3-4):169-74.
  • 23. Nagiel A, Sadda SR, Sarraf D. A Promising Future for Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2015 Jun;133(6):629-30. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.0668.
  • 24. Spaide RF, Fujimoto JG, Waheed NK, Sadda SR, Staurenghi G. Optical coherence tomography angiography. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2018 May;64:1-55. doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.11.003. Epub 2017 Dec 8.
  • 25. Munk MR, Giannakaki-Zimmermann H, Berger L, Huf W, Ebneter A, Wolf S, et al. OCT-angiography: A qualitative and quantitative comparison of 4 OCT-A devices. PLoS One. 2017 May 10;12(5):e0177059. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177059.
  • 26. Rao HL, Pradhan ZS, Suh MH, Moghimi S, Mansouri K, Weinreb RN. Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Glaucoma. J Glaucoma. 2020 Apr;29(4):312-321. doi: 10.1097/IJG.0000000000001463.
  • 27. Sousa DC, Leal I, Moreira S, do Vale S, Silva-Herdade AR, Dionísio P, et al. Optical coherence tomography angiography study of the retinal vascular plexuses in type 1 diabetes without retinopathy. Eye (Lond). 2020 Feb;34(2):307-311. doi: 10.1038/s41433-019-0513-0. Epub 2019 Jul 4.
  • 28. Schneider EW, Fowler SC. Optical coherence tomography angiography in the management of age-related macular degeneration. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2018 May;29(3):217-225. doi: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000469.
  • 29. Ulas F, Dogan Ü, Dikbas O, Celebi S, Keles A. Investigation of the choroidal thickness in patients with hypothyroidism. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2015 Mar;63(3):244-9. doi: 10.4103/0301-4738.156976.
  • 30. Wang X, Zheng W, Christensen LP, Tomanek RJ. DITPA stimulates bFGF, VEGF, angiopoietin, and Tie-2 and facilitates coronary arteriolar growth. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2003 Feb;284(2):H613-8. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00449.2002. Epub 2002 Oct 31.
  • 31. Zheng W, Weiss RM, Wang X, Zhou R, Arlen AM, Lei L, et al. DITPA stimulates arteriolar growth and modifies myocardial postinfarction remodeling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2004 May;286(5):H1994-2000. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00991.2003.
  • 32. Tomanek RJ, Doty MK, Sandra A. Early coronary angiogenesis in response to thyroxine: growth characteristics and upregulation of basic fibroblast growth factor. Circ Res. 1998 Mar 23;82(5):587-93. doi: 10.1161/01.res.82.5.587.
  • 33. Udovcic M, Pena RH, Patham B, Tabatabai L, Kansara A. Hypothyroidism and the Heart. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J. 2017 Apr-Jun;13(2):55-59. doi: 10.14797/mdcj-13-2-55.
  • 34. Tang YD, Kuzman JA, Said S, Anderson BE, Wang X, Gerdes AM. Low thyroid function leads to cardiac atrophy with chamber dilatation, impaired myocardial blood flow, loss of arterioles, and severe systolic dysfunction. Circulation. 2005 Nov 15;112(20):3122-30. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.572883. Epub 2005 Nov 7.
  • 35. Savinova OV, Liu Y, Aasen GA, Mao K, Weltman NY, Nedich BL, et al. Thyroid hormone promotes remodeling of coronary resistance vessels. PLoS One. 2011;6(9):e25054. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025054. Epub 2011 Sep 22.
  • 36. Dedecjus M, Kołomecki K, Brzeziński J, Adamczewski Z, Tazbir J, Lewiński A. Influence of L-thyroxine administration on poor-platelet plasma VEGF concentrations in patients with induced short-term hypothyroidism, monitored for thyroid carcinoma. Endocr J. 2007 Feb;54(1):63-9. doi: 10.1507/endocrj.k05-112. Epub 2006 Nov 8.
  • 37. Schlenker EH, Hora M, Liu Y, Redetzke RA, Morkin E, Gerdes AM. Effects of thyroidectomy, T4, and DITPA replacement on brain blood vessel density in adult rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2008 May;294(5):R1504-9. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00027.2008. Epub 2008 Mar 19.
  • 38. Campbell JP, Zhang M, Hwang TS, Bailey ST, Wilson DJ, Jia Y, Huang D. Detailed Vascular Anatomy of the Human Retina by Projection-Resolved Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography. Sci Rep. 2017 Feb 10;7:42201. doi: 10.1038/srep42201.
  • 39. Delaey C, Van De Voorde J. Regulatory mechanisms in the retinal and choroidal circulation. Ophthalmic Res. 2000 Nov-Dec;32(6):249-56. doi: 10.1159/000055622.
  • 40. Bernal J. Thyroid Hormones in Brain Development and Function. 2015 Sep 2. In: Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Boyce A, Chrousos G, de Herder WW, Dhatariya K, et al. editors. Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000–. PMID: 25905404.

Evaluation of macular perfusion in patients with treatment-naive overt hypothyroidism using optical coherence tomography angiography

Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 9, 838 - 842, 01.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.963002

Abstract

Background/Aim: Thyroid hormones play an essential role in retinal development and physiological functions. Although the effects of hyperthyroidism on ocular circulation are well-defined, no studies report the effects of clinical hypothyroidism on retinal and choroidal circulation. We aimed to compare the macular vessel density and flow indexes of patients with treatment-naive hypothyroidism and healthy controls using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).
Methods: This case-control study included 104 eyes of 52 participants. Group 1 (n=24) consisted of patients with treatment-naive overt hypothyroidism, while Group 2 (n=28) consisted of age and sex-matched healthy controls. Images were obtained using AngioVue software 2.0 of the OCTA device in a 6 × 6 mm area centered on the macula. Foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, macular retinal thickness, FAZ perimeter (PERIM), choroidal flow index (CF), outer retinal flow index (ORF) and macular vessel density (VD) in the superficial (SCP) and deep retinal capillary plexus (DCP) were recorded for all patients.
Results: The whole [Group 1: 49.9 (7.0)%; Group 2: 54.6 (5.9)%], parafoveal [Group 1: 54.7 (4.8)%; Group 2: 58.6 (3.9)%] and perifoveal [Group 1: 51.5 (7.2)%; Group 2: 55.9 (6.8)% ] VD in DCP were significantly lower in Group 1 compared to Group 2 (P=0.012; P=0.002 and P=0.028 respectively). However, parafoveal VD in SCP was significantly higher in Group 1 [52.4 (2.26)] than in Group 2 [49.9 (6.87)] (P=0.032). The mean VD in DCP was significantly positively correlated with the choroidal (P=0.021) and outer retinal flow indexes (P=0.033). The mean foveal VD in DCP was significantly positively correlated with the mean foveal (P<0.001), parafoveal (P=0.001) and perifoveal retinal thicknesses (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Our study has provided, for the first time, a quantitative assessment of macular perfusion in patients with overt hypothyroidism using OCTA. The reduction in VD in the DCP might be attributed to the lack of angiogenic effects of T4 or neural hypometabolism secondary to hypothyroidism.

References

  • 1. Canaris GJ, Manowitz NR, Mayor G, Ridgway EC. The Colorado thyroid disease prevalence study. Arch Intern Med. 2000 Feb 28;160(4):526-34. doi: 10.1001/archinte.160.4.526.
  • 2. Vanderpump MP. The epidemiology of thyroid disease. Br Med Bull. 2011;99:39-51. doi: 10.1093/bmb/ldr030. PMID: 21893493.
  • 3. Biondi B, Cooper DS. The clinical significance of subclinical thyroid dysfunction. Endocr Rev. 2008 Feb;29(1):76-131. doi: 10.1210/er.2006-0043. Epub 2007 Nov 8.
  • 4. Wartofsky L, Van Nostrand D, Burman KD. Overt and 'subclinical' hypothyroidism in women. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2006 Aug;61(8):535-42. doi: 10.1097/01.ogx.0000228778.95752.66.
  • 5. Dias AC, Módulo CM, Jorge AG, Braz AM, Jordão AA Jr, Filho RB, et al. Influence of thyroid hormone on thyroid hormone receptor beta-1 expression and lacrimal gland and ocular surface morphology. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007 Jul;48(7):3038-42. doi: 10.1167/iovs.06-1309.
  • 6. Wartofsky L. Diseases of the thyroid. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine Volume Chapter 331. 14th edition. Edited by: Fauci SA, Braunwald E. Philadelphia: The McGraw Hill Companies; 1998. pp. 2012-35.
  • 7. Zhang M, Zhan XL, Ma ZY, Chen XS, Cai QY, Yao ZX. Thyroid hormone alleviates demyelination induced by cuprizone through its role in remyelination during the remission period. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2015 Sep;240(9):1183-96. doi: 10.1177/1535370214565975. Epub 2015 Jan 10.
  • 8. David S, Nathaniel EJ. Development of brain capillaries in euthyroid and hypothyroid rats. Exp Neurol. 1981 Jul;73(1):243-53. doi: 10.1016/0014-4886(81)90059-5.
  • 9. Gabrichidze GO, Lazrishvili NI, Metreveli DS, Bekaya GL, Mitagvariya NP. Local blood flow in the dorsal hippocampus and cerebellar cortex in the offspring of iodine-deficient rats. Neurosci Behav Physiol. 2007 Jun;37(5):495-8. doi: 10.1007/s11055-007-0041-4.
  • 10. Jamshidian Tehrani M, Mahdizad Z, Kasaei A, Fard MA. Early macular and peripapillary vasculature dropout in active thyroid eye disease. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2019 Nov;257(11):2533-2540. doi: 10.1007/s00417-019-04442-8. Epub 2019 Aug 23.
  • 11. Mihailovic N, Lahme L, Rosenberger F, Hirscheider M, Termühlen J, Heiduschka P, et al. ALTERED RETINAL PERFUSION IN PATIENTS WITH INACTIVE GRAVES OPHTHALMOPATHY USING OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY. Endocr Pract. 2020 Mar;26(3):312-317. doi: 10.4158/EP-2019-0328. Epub 2019 Dec 20.
  • 12. Zhang T, Xiao W, Ye H, Chen R, Mao Y, Yang H. Peripapillary and Macular Vessel Density in Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy: An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2019 May 1;60(6):1863-1869. doi: 10.1167/iovs.18-25941.
  • 13. Sarwar S, Hassan M, Soliman MK, Halim MS, Sadiq MA, Afridi R, et al. Diurnal variation of choriocapillaris vessel flow density in normal subjects measured using optical coherence tomography angiography. Int J Retina Vitreous. 2018 Oct 10;4:37. doi: 10.1186/s40942-018-0140-0.
  • 14. Huang D, Jia Y, Gao SS, Lumbroso B, Rispoli M. Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Using the Optovue Device. Dev Ophthalmol. 2016;56:6-12. doi: 10.1159/000442770. Epub 2016 Mar 15.
  • 15. De Groot L, Abalovich M, Alexander EK, Amino N, Barbour L, Cobin RH, et al. Management of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and postpartum: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Aug;97(8):2543-65. doi: 10.1210/jc.2011-2803. Erratum in: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 May 13;106(6):e2461.
  • 16. Braverman LE, Utiger RD. Introduction to hypothyroidism. In: Braverman LE, Utiger RD, editors. Werner and Ingabar’s the thyroid: a fundamental and clinical text. Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2005. pp. 697-9.
  • 17. Khandelwal D, Tandon N. Overt and subclinical hypothyroidism: who to treat and how. Drugs. 2012 Jan 1;72(1):17-33. doi: 10.2165/11598070-000000000-00000.
  • 18. Smith KD, Arthurs BP, Saheb N. An association between hypothyroidism and primary open-angle glaucoma. Ophthalmology. 1993 Oct;100(10):1580-4. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(93)31441-7.
  • 19. Kim M, Kim TW, Park KH, Kim JM. Risk factors for primary open-angle glaucoma in South Korea: the Namil study. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2012 Jul;56(4):324-9. doi: 10.1007/s10384-012-0153-4. Epub 2012 Jun 5.
  • 20. Girkin CA, McGwin G Jr, McNeal SF, Lee PP, Owsley C. Hypothyroidism and the development of open-angle glaucoma in a male population. Ophthalmology. 2004 Sep;111(9):1649-52. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2004.05.026.
  • 21. Wang X, Jiang C, Ko T, Kong X, Yu X, Min W, Shi G, Sun X. Correlation between optic disc perfusion and glaucomatous severity in patients with open-angle glaucoma: an optical coherence tomography angiography study. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2015 Sep;253(9):1557-64. doi: 10.1007/s00417-015-3095-y. Epub 2015 Aug 11.
  • 22. Stein R, Romano A, Treister G, Bartov E. Effect of subconjunctival injection of hyaluronidase on outflow resistance in normal and in open-angle glaucomatous patients. Metab Pediatr Syst Ophthalmol. 1982;6(3-4):169-74.
  • 23. Nagiel A, Sadda SR, Sarraf D. A Promising Future for Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2015 Jun;133(6):629-30. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.0668.
  • 24. Spaide RF, Fujimoto JG, Waheed NK, Sadda SR, Staurenghi G. Optical coherence tomography angiography. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2018 May;64:1-55. doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.11.003. Epub 2017 Dec 8.
  • 25. Munk MR, Giannakaki-Zimmermann H, Berger L, Huf W, Ebneter A, Wolf S, et al. OCT-angiography: A qualitative and quantitative comparison of 4 OCT-A devices. PLoS One. 2017 May 10;12(5):e0177059. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177059.
  • 26. Rao HL, Pradhan ZS, Suh MH, Moghimi S, Mansouri K, Weinreb RN. Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Glaucoma. J Glaucoma. 2020 Apr;29(4):312-321. doi: 10.1097/IJG.0000000000001463.
  • 27. Sousa DC, Leal I, Moreira S, do Vale S, Silva-Herdade AR, Dionísio P, et al. Optical coherence tomography angiography study of the retinal vascular plexuses in type 1 diabetes without retinopathy. Eye (Lond). 2020 Feb;34(2):307-311. doi: 10.1038/s41433-019-0513-0. Epub 2019 Jul 4.
  • 28. Schneider EW, Fowler SC. Optical coherence tomography angiography in the management of age-related macular degeneration. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2018 May;29(3):217-225. doi: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000469.
  • 29. Ulas F, Dogan Ü, Dikbas O, Celebi S, Keles A. Investigation of the choroidal thickness in patients with hypothyroidism. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2015 Mar;63(3):244-9. doi: 10.4103/0301-4738.156976.
  • 30. Wang X, Zheng W, Christensen LP, Tomanek RJ. DITPA stimulates bFGF, VEGF, angiopoietin, and Tie-2 and facilitates coronary arteriolar growth. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2003 Feb;284(2):H613-8. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00449.2002. Epub 2002 Oct 31.
  • 31. Zheng W, Weiss RM, Wang X, Zhou R, Arlen AM, Lei L, et al. DITPA stimulates arteriolar growth and modifies myocardial postinfarction remodeling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2004 May;286(5):H1994-2000. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00991.2003.
  • 32. Tomanek RJ, Doty MK, Sandra A. Early coronary angiogenesis in response to thyroxine: growth characteristics and upregulation of basic fibroblast growth factor. Circ Res. 1998 Mar 23;82(5):587-93. doi: 10.1161/01.res.82.5.587.
  • 33. Udovcic M, Pena RH, Patham B, Tabatabai L, Kansara A. Hypothyroidism and the Heart. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J. 2017 Apr-Jun;13(2):55-59. doi: 10.14797/mdcj-13-2-55.
  • 34. Tang YD, Kuzman JA, Said S, Anderson BE, Wang X, Gerdes AM. Low thyroid function leads to cardiac atrophy with chamber dilatation, impaired myocardial blood flow, loss of arterioles, and severe systolic dysfunction. Circulation. 2005 Nov 15;112(20):3122-30. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.572883. Epub 2005 Nov 7.
  • 35. Savinova OV, Liu Y, Aasen GA, Mao K, Weltman NY, Nedich BL, et al. Thyroid hormone promotes remodeling of coronary resistance vessels. PLoS One. 2011;6(9):e25054. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025054. Epub 2011 Sep 22.
  • 36. Dedecjus M, Kołomecki K, Brzeziński J, Adamczewski Z, Tazbir J, Lewiński A. Influence of L-thyroxine administration on poor-platelet plasma VEGF concentrations in patients with induced short-term hypothyroidism, monitored for thyroid carcinoma. Endocr J. 2007 Feb;54(1):63-9. doi: 10.1507/endocrj.k05-112. Epub 2006 Nov 8.
  • 37. Schlenker EH, Hora M, Liu Y, Redetzke RA, Morkin E, Gerdes AM. Effects of thyroidectomy, T4, and DITPA replacement on brain blood vessel density in adult rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2008 May;294(5):R1504-9. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00027.2008. Epub 2008 Mar 19.
  • 38. Campbell JP, Zhang M, Hwang TS, Bailey ST, Wilson DJ, Jia Y, Huang D. Detailed Vascular Anatomy of the Human Retina by Projection-Resolved Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography. Sci Rep. 2017 Feb 10;7:42201. doi: 10.1038/srep42201.
  • 39. Delaey C, Van De Voorde J. Regulatory mechanisms in the retinal and choroidal circulation. Ophthalmic Res. 2000 Nov-Dec;32(6):249-56. doi: 10.1159/000055622.
  • 40. Bernal J. Thyroid Hormones in Brain Development and Function. 2015 Sep 2. In: Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Boyce A, Chrousos G, de Herder WW, Dhatariya K, et al. editors. Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000–. PMID: 25905404.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Ophthalmology
Journal Section Research article
Authors

Ayşegül Mavi Yıldız 0000-0001-5575-4465

Gülçin Şahingöz Erdal 0000-0001-5815-5847

Hatice Tarakcioglu 0000-0002-8611-4353

Ali Atakhan Yıldız 0000-0002-8163-0690

Sami Yılmaz 0000-0003-1612-3358

Publication Date September 1, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 5 Issue: 9

Cite

APA Mavi Yıldız, A., Şahingöz Erdal, G., Tarakcioglu, H., Yıldız, A. A., et al. (2021). Evaluation of macular perfusion in patients with treatment-naive overt hypothyroidism using optical coherence tomography angiography. Journal of Surgery and Medicine, 5(9), 838-842. https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.963002
AMA Mavi Yıldız A, Şahingöz Erdal G, Tarakcioglu H, Yıldız AA, Yılmaz S. Evaluation of macular perfusion in patients with treatment-naive overt hypothyroidism using optical coherence tomography angiography. J Surg Med. September 2021;5(9):838-842. doi:10.28982/josam.963002
Chicago Mavi Yıldız, Ayşegül, Gülçin Şahingöz Erdal, Hatice Tarakcioglu, Ali Atakhan Yıldız, and Sami Yılmaz. “Evaluation of Macular Perfusion in Patients With Treatment-Naive Overt Hypothyroidism Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography”. Journal of Surgery and Medicine 5, no. 9 (September 2021): 838-42. https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.963002.
EndNote Mavi Yıldız A, Şahingöz Erdal G, Tarakcioglu H, Yıldız AA, Yılmaz S (September 1, 2021) Evaluation of macular perfusion in patients with treatment-naive overt hypothyroidism using optical coherence tomography angiography. Journal of Surgery and Medicine 5 9 838–842.
IEEE A. Mavi Yıldız, G. Şahingöz Erdal, H. Tarakcioglu, A. A. Yıldız, and S. Yılmaz, “Evaluation of macular perfusion in patients with treatment-naive overt hypothyroidism using optical coherence tomography angiography”, J Surg Med, vol. 5, no. 9, pp. 838–842, 2021, doi: 10.28982/josam.963002.
ISNAD Mavi Yıldız, Ayşegül et al. “Evaluation of Macular Perfusion in Patients With Treatment-Naive Overt Hypothyroidism Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography”. Journal of Surgery and Medicine 5/9 (September 2021), 838-842. https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.963002.
JAMA Mavi Yıldız A, Şahingöz Erdal G, Tarakcioglu H, Yıldız AA, Yılmaz S. Evaluation of macular perfusion in patients with treatment-naive overt hypothyroidism using optical coherence tomography angiography. J Surg Med. 2021;5:838–842.
MLA Mavi Yıldız, Ayşegül et al. “Evaluation of Macular Perfusion in Patients With Treatment-Naive Overt Hypothyroidism Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography”. Journal of Surgery and Medicine, vol. 5, no. 9, 2021, pp. 838-42, doi:10.28982/josam.963002.
Vancouver Mavi Yıldız A, Şahingöz Erdal G, Tarakcioglu H, Yıldız AA, Yılmaz S. Evaluation of macular perfusion in patients with treatment-naive overt hypothyroidism using optical coherence tomography angiography. J Surg Med. 2021;5(9):838-42.