Journal of Nuclear Sciences
Research Article
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Estimation of Effective Dose and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risks due to ingestion of Natural Radionuclides in Rice Samples from Selected Farms in Southwestern Nigeria.

Year 2021, Volume 8, Issue 1, 1 - 9, 22.11.2022

Olubodun ARİJE Adeolu AYODELE Omodele OLUBI

Abstract

This study was carried out to evaluate the radioactivity concentrations of 40K, 232Th and 238U in ten rice samples of the same species collected from different rice farms across Ondo and Ekiti States, southwestern Nigeria. The activity concentration measurements were determined using n–type co-axial HPGe detectors. In samples from one of the states (Ondo), the activity concentration was found to vary from 36.04 - 2139.35 Bq∙kg-1 for 40K, 0.12 - 79.23 Bq∙kg-1 for 232Th and 0.22 - 83.36 Bq∙kg-1 for 238U. In the other state (Ekiti), the value was found to vary from 3.99 - 2078.91 Bq∙kg-1 for 40K, 5.18 - 73.82 Bq∙kg-1 for 232Th and 14.50 - 83.21 Bq∙kg-1 for 238U. The mean annual effective dose to adults from the consumption of the rice were obtained as 0.93 and 0.84 mSv∙y-1 with excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) calculated to be 2.98 x 10-10 and 2.56 x 10-10 for Ondo and Ekiti, respectively. The values were compared with the internationally acceptable limits and were found to be lower compared to the acceptable world average ELCR value of 0.29 x 10–3 for radiological risk to the public by UNSCEAR. The rice samples from the locations are safe for human consumption.

Keywords

radioactivity, rice, effective ingestion dose, gamma spectroscopy, excess life time cancer risk

References

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  • [2] H. Cenaber. “Introduction to Health Physics”, Mc.craw Hill Inc., Revised Edition and Enlarged. Northwestern University press. USA, 239-268 (1983).
  • [3] I. R. MacAulay & D. Marsh,” Radium -226 concentrations in soil in the republic of Ireland”, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 45, 265-267 (1992).
  • [4] N. N. Jibiri, I. P. Farai & S. K. Alausa, “Estimation of annual effective doses due to natural radioactive elements in ingestion of foodstuffs in tin mining area of Jos-plateau Nigeria”, Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 94, 331-340 (2007),
  • [5] V. A. Pulhani, S. Dafauti, A. G. Hedge, R. M. Sharma & U. C. Mishral,“Uptake and distribution of natural radioactivity in wheat plants from soil.”, J. Environ. Radioactivity, 79, 331-346 (2005).
  • [6] H. D. Young & R. A. Freedman,”University Physics”, Pearson Education Incorporation, San Francisco, USA (2004).
  • [7] G. Shanthi, T. K Thampi, G. A. Gnana Raj & C. G Maniyan,“Radioactivity in food crops from high-background radiation area in Southwest India” Current Science, 97, 1331–1335 (2009).
  • [8] S. C Sheppard & W. G. Evenden,”Variation in transfer factors for stochastic models: soil-to-plant transfer”, Health Physics, 72, 727–733 (1997).
  • [9] A. A. Tawaibeh, K. M. Abumurad; S. B. Samat & M. S Yasir, “A study of natural radionuclide activities and radiation hazard index in some grain consumed in Jordan”, Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, 15, 61-69 (2011).
  • [10] Gunnell D. Gunnell, M. Eddleston, M. R Phillips. & F. Konradsen. “The global distribution of fatal pesticide self-poisoning: systematic review. BMC Public Health, 7, 1-15 (2007).
  • [11] Te –Tze. Chang, “Rice in the Cambridge world history food”, Cambridge University Press, England (2000).
  • [12] R. Bressani, “World needs for improved nutrition and the role of Vegetable and Legumes”, AVRDC Publication, Taiwan (1983).
  • [13] T. Hosseini, A. A. Fathivand, H. Barati & M. Karimi, “Assessment of radionuclides in imported foodstuffs in Iran”, Iranian Journal of Radiation Research, 4, 149-153 (2004).
  • [14] M. A. Saeed, N. A. Wahab, I. Hossain, R. Ahmed, H. Y. Abdullah, A. T. Ramli, & B. A Tahir, “Measuring radioactivity level in various types of rice using hyper pure germanium (HPGe) detector”, International Journal of the Physical Sciences 6, 7335–7340 (2011).
  • [15] C. O Ilemona, V. S. Iyeh, N. J. Norbert & O. S Hammed, “Radioactivity Concentrations in Soil and Transfer Factors of Radionuclides (40K, 226Ra and 232Th) from Soil to rice in Kogi state, Nigeria”. Archives of Applied Science Research, 8, 34-38 (2016).
  • [16] Y. M. Hassan, H. M. Zaid, B. H. Guan, M. U. Khandaker, D. A. Bradley, A. Sulieman, & S. A. Latif, Radioactivity in staple foodstuffs and concomitant dose to the population of Jigawa state, Nigeria. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 178. 108945 (2021). 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.108945
  • [17] I. C. Okeme, I. V. Sule, N. N.Jibiri & O. H. Shittu, Radioactivity Concentrations in Soil and Transfer Factors of Radionuclides (40K , 226Ra and 232Th) from Soil to Rice in Kogi State , Nigeria. Archives of Applied Science Research, 8, 34-38 (2016).
  • [18] F. O. Ugbede, O. D.Osahon & A. F.Akpolile, Natural radioactivity levels of 238 U, 232 Th and 40K and radiological risk assessment in paddy soil of Ezillo rice fields in Ebonyi State, Nigeria, Environmental Forensics. 23, 32-46 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2021.1892881
  • [19] A. Uosif, El-Taher & G. E Abbady, “Radiological significance beach sand used for climate therapy from safaga Egypt”. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 131, 331 - 339 (2008).
  • [20] E. O Darko, A. Faanu, A. R. Awudu & G. Emi – Reynolds, “Artificial and Natural Radioactivity Measurements and Radiation Dose Assessment in the Vicinity of Ghana Nuclear Research Reactor-1 (GHARR-1)”,West Africa Journal of Applied Ecology, 19, 17-29 (2008)
  • [21] T. F. Till & R. E. Moore, “A Pathway analysis approach for determining acceptable levels of contamination of radionuclides in Soil”, Health Physics, 55, 541-548 (1988).
  • [22] H. M Badran, T. Sharsha & Elniner, “Levels of 137Cs and 40K in the edible parts of some vegetables consumed in Egypt”. Journal of Environment Radioactivity, 67, 181-190 (2003).
  • [23] U.S Department of Agriculture. (1999).
  • [24] Federal Office of Statistics Nigeria FOS, “Complication of FOS/FAO annual consumption data/food balance sheet of Nigeria”, A publication of Federal Office of statistics (FOS), Nigeria. (2006).
  • [25] IAEA, “Radiation protection and safety of radiation sources: International basic safety standards”, IAEA Safety standards series no. GSR Part 3 (2011).
  • [26] EPA, “Cancer risk coefficients for environmental exposure to radionuclides”, Federal Guidance Report No. 13 (1999).
  • [27] UNSCEAR, “Sources, effects and risks of ionizing radiation”, Report to the general Assembly with Annex B (2000).
  • [28] ICRP, “Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection” ICRP Publication 60 (1991).
  • [29] O. S Ajayi, S. B Ibikunle, T. J. Ojo, “An Assessment of natural radioactivity of soils and its external radiological impact in Southern Nigeria”. Nigeria Journal of Health Physics, 94, 558 - 566 (2008).
  • [30] A. E. Ayodele, A. M. Arogunjo, J .I Ajisafe & O. T. Arije, “Health Detriment Associated with Exposure to Natural Radioactivity from the soils of Ondo and Ekiti States, southwestern, Nigeria”. Physical sciences International Journal, 14, 1-11 (2017).
  • [31] B. Y. Latit & T. V. Ramachandran. “Natural radioactivity in Indian tea”, Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, 24, 75-79 (1985).
  • [32] T. V. Ramachadran & U. C. Mishra, “Measurement of natural radioactivity levels in Indian foodstuff by Gamma spectrometry”,Int .J, Radiat. .Appl. Instrument part A, 40, 723-726 (1989).
  • [33] L. Venturini & A. A Sordi, “Radioactivity and Effective Committed Dose from some Brazilian Foodstuffs”. Health Physics 76, 311-313 (1999). 10.1097/00004032-199903000-00013.
  • [34] A. R. Awudu. “Preliminary studies on 226Ra, 228Ra, 228Th and 40K concentrations in foodstuffs consumed by inhabitants of Accra metropolitan area, Ghana. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 291, 635–641 (2012).
  • [35] A. Tareq & N. N. Tiruvachi, “Radioactivity of long lived gamma emitters in rice consumed in Kuwait”. Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Basic and Applied Sciences, 13, 24-27 (2013).
  • [36] N. S Fathabadi, K. Naddafi, M. R Kardan, M. Yunesian, R. N. Nodehi & M. Karimi, “Radioactivity levels in the mostly local foodstuff consumed by residents of the high level natural radiation areas of Ramsar, Iran”. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 169, 209 - 213 (2017).
  • [37] N. Ashikun , A Khandoker, M. M Islam, R. Mashur & M. Begum, “Assessment of natural radioactivity in rice and their associated population dose estimation”, Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, 173, 1-15 (2008). 10.1080/10420150.2018.1542696
  • [38] S. Y. Abdulridha & F. T.Nada, “Assessment of Natural Radioactivity Level and Annual Effective Dose of Amber Rice Samples Cultivated in the South of Iraq”, E3S Web of Conferences 122, 05004 (2019). 10.1051/e3sconf/201912205004

Year 2021, Volume 8, Issue 1, 1 - 9, 22.11.2022

Olubodun ARİJE Adeolu AYODELE Omodele OLUBI

Abstract

References

  • [1] B. C. Thomas & M. D. Honeyman, “Amphibian Nitrate Stress as an Additional Terrestrial Threat from Astrophysical Ionizing Radiation Events”, Astrobiology, 8, 731-733 (2008).
  • [2] H. Cenaber. “Introduction to Health Physics”, Mc.craw Hill Inc., Revised Edition and Enlarged. Northwestern University press. USA, 239-268 (1983).
  • [3] I. R. MacAulay & D. Marsh,” Radium -226 concentrations in soil in the republic of Ireland”, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 45, 265-267 (1992).
  • [4] N. N. Jibiri, I. P. Farai & S. K. Alausa, “Estimation of annual effective doses due to natural radioactive elements in ingestion of foodstuffs in tin mining area of Jos-plateau Nigeria”, Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 94, 331-340 (2007),
  • [5] V. A. Pulhani, S. Dafauti, A. G. Hedge, R. M. Sharma & U. C. Mishral,“Uptake and distribution of natural radioactivity in wheat plants from soil.”, J. Environ. Radioactivity, 79, 331-346 (2005).
  • [6] H. D. Young & R. A. Freedman,”University Physics”, Pearson Education Incorporation, San Francisco, USA (2004).
  • [7] G. Shanthi, T. K Thampi, G. A. Gnana Raj & C. G Maniyan,“Radioactivity in food crops from high-background radiation area in Southwest India” Current Science, 97, 1331–1335 (2009).
  • [8] S. C Sheppard & W. G. Evenden,”Variation in transfer factors for stochastic models: soil-to-plant transfer”, Health Physics, 72, 727–733 (1997).
  • [9] A. A. Tawaibeh, K. M. Abumurad; S. B. Samat & M. S Yasir, “A study of natural radionuclide activities and radiation hazard index in some grain consumed in Jordan”, Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, 15, 61-69 (2011).
  • [10] Gunnell D. Gunnell, M. Eddleston, M. R Phillips. & F. Konradsen. “The global distribution of fatal pesticide self-poisoning: systematic review. BMC Public Health, 7, 1-15 (2007).
  • [11] Te –Tze. Chang, “Rice in the Cambridge world history food”, Cambridge University Press, England (2000).
  • [12] R. Bressani, “World needs for improved nutrition and the role of Vegetable and Legumes”, AVRDC Publication, Taiwan (1983).
  • [13] T. Hosseini, A. A. Fathivand, H. Barati & M. Karimi, “Assessment of radionuclides in imported foodstuffs in Iran”, Iranian Journal of Radiation Research, 4, 149-153 (2004).
  • [14] M. A. Saeed, N. A. Wahab, I. Hossain, R. Ahmed, H. Y. Abdullah, A. T. Ramli, & B. A Tahir, “Measuring radioactivity level in various types of rice using hyper pure germanium (HPGe) detector”, International Journal of the Physical Sciences 6, 7335–7340 (2011).
  • [15] C. O Ilemona, V. S. Iyeh, N. J. Norbert & O. S Hammed, “Radioactivity Concentrations in Soil and Transfer Factors of Radionuclides (40K, 226Ra and 232Th) from Soil to rice in Kogi state, Nigeria”. Archives of Applied Science Research, 8, 34-38 (2016).
  • [16] Y. M. Hassan, H. M. Zaid, B. H. Guan, M. U. Khandaker, D. A. Bradley, A. Sulieman, & S. A. Latif, Radioactivity in staple foodstuffs and concomitant dose to the population of Jigawa state, Nigeria. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 178. 108945 (2021). 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.108945
  • [17] I. C. Okeme, I. V. Sule, N. N.Jibiri & O. H. Shittu, Radioactivity Concentrations in Soil and Transfer Factors of Radionuclides (40K , 226Ra and 232Th) from Soil to Rice in Kogi State , Nigeria. Archives of Applied Science Research, 8, 34-38 (2016).
  • [18] F. O. Ugbede, O. D.Osahon & A. F.Akpolile, Natural radioactivity levels of 238 U, 232 Th and 40K and radiological risk assessment in paddy soil of Ezillo rice fields in Ebonyi State, Nigeria, Environmental Forensics. 23, 32-46 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2021.1892881
  • [19] A. Uosif, El-Taher & G. E Abbady, “Radiological significance beach sand used for climate therapy from safaga Egypt”. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 131, 331 - 339 (2008).
  • [20] E. O Darko, A. Faanu, A. R. Awudu & G. Emi – Reynolds, “Artificial and Natural Radioactivity Measurements and Radiation Dose Assessment in the Vicinity of Ghana Nuclear Research Reactor-1 (GHARR-1)”,West Africa Journal of Applied Ecology, 19, 17-29 (2008)
  • [21] T. F. Till & R. E. Moore, “A Pathway analysis approach for determining acceptable levels of contamination of radionuclides in Soil”, Health Physics, 55, 541-548 (1988).
  • [22] H. M Badran, T. Sharsha & Elniner, “Levels of 137Cs and 40K in the edible parts of some vegetables consumed in Egypt”. Journal of Environment Radioactivity, 67, 181-190 (2003).
  • [23] U.S Department of Agriculture. (1999).
  • [24] Federal Office of Statistics Nigeria FOS, “Complication of FOS/FAO annual consumption data/food balance sheet of Nigeria”, A publication of Federal Office of statistics (FOS), Nigeria. (2006).
  • [25] IAEA, “Radiation protection and safety of radiation sources: International basic safety standards”, IAEA Safety standards series no. GSR Part 3 (2011).
  • [26] EPA, “Cancer risk coefficients for environmental exposure to radionuclides”, Federal Guidance Report No. 13 (1999).
  • [27] UNSCEAR, “Sources, effects and risks of ionizing radiation”, Report to the general Assembly with Annex B (2000).
  • [28] ICRP, “Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection” ICRP Publication 60 (1991).
  • [29] O. S Ajayi, S. B Ibikunle, T. J. Ojo, “An Assessment of natural radioactivity of soils and its external radiological impact in Southern Nigeria”. Nigeria Journal of Health Physics, 94, 558 - 566 (2008).
  • [30] A. E. Ayodele, A. M. Arogunjo, J .I Ajisafe & O. T. Arije, “Health Detriment Associated with Exposure to Natural Radioactivity from the soils of Ondo and Ekiti States, southwestern, Nigeria”. Physical sciences International Journal, 14, 1-11 (2017).
  • [31] B. Y. Latit & T. V. Ramachandran. “Natural radioactivity in Indian tea”, Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, 24, 75-79 (1985).
  • [32] T. V. Ramachadran & U. C. Mishra, “Measurement of natural radioactivity levels in Indian foodstuff by Gamma spectrometry”,Int .J, Radiat. .Appl. Instrument part A, 40, 723-726 (1989).
  • [33] L. Venturini & A. A Sordi, “Radioactivity and Effective Committed Dose from some Brazilian Foodstuffs”. Health Physics 76, 311-313 (1999). 10.1097/00004032-199903000-00013.
  • [34] A. R. Awudu. “Preliminary studies on 226Ra, 228Ra, 228Th and 40K concentrations in foodstuffs consumed by inhabitants of Accra metropolitan area, Ghana. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 291, 635–641 (2012).
  • [35] A. Tareq & N. N. Tiruvachi, “Radioactivity of long lived gamma emitters in rice consumed in Kuwait”. Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Basic and Applied Sciences, 13, 24-27 (2013).
  • [36] N. S Fathabadi, K. Naddafi, M. R Kardan, M. Yunesian, R. N. Nodehi & M. Karimi, “Radioactivity levels in the mostly local foodstuff consumed by residents of the high level natural radiation areas of Ramsar, Iran”. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 169, 209 - 213 (2017).
  • [37] N. Ashikun , A Khandoker, M. M Islam, R. Mashur & M. Begum, “Assessment of natural radioactivity in rice and their associated population dose estimation”, Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, 173, 1-15 (2008). 10.1080/10420150.2018.1542696
  • [38] S. Y. Abdulridha & F. T.Nada, “Assessment of Natural Radioactivity Level and Annual Effective Dose of Amber Rice Samples Cultivated in the South of Iraq”, E3S Web of Conferences 122, 05004 (2019). 10.1051/e3sconf/201912205004

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Olubodun ARİJE This is me
FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AKURE
0000-0002-8693-7763
Türkiye

Adeolu AYODELE This is me
FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AKURE
0000-0002-2099-9195
Türkiye

Omodele OLUBI> (Primary Author)
ACHIEVERS UNIVERSITY
0000-0002-5162-0846
Nigeria

Publication Date November 22, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2021, Volume 8Issue 1

Cite

Bibtex @research article { ankujns1117388, journal = {Journal of Nuclear Sciences}, issn = {2147-7736}, eissn = {2148-3981}, address = {}, publisher = {Ankara University}, year = {2022}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {1 - 9}, title = {Estimation of Effective Dose and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risks due to ingestion of Natural Radionuclides in Rice Samples from Selected Farms in Southwestern Nigeria.}, key = {cite}, author = {Arije, Olubodun and Ayodele, Adeolu and Olubı, Omodele} }
APA Arije, O. , Ayodele, A. & Olubı, O. (2022). Estimation of Effective Dose and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risks due to ingestion of Natural Radionuclides in Rice Samples from Selected Farms in Southwestern Nigeria. . Journal of Nuclear Sciences , 8 (1) , 1-9 . Retrieved from http://jns.ankara.edu.tr/en/pub/issue/73496/1117388
MLA Arije, O. , Ayodele, A. , Olubı, O. "Estimation of Effective Dose and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risks due to ingestion of Natural Radionuclides in Rice Samples from Selected Farms in Southwestern Nigeria." . Journal of Nuclear Sciences 8 (2022 ): 1-9 <http://jns.ankara.edu.tr/en/pub/issue/73496/1117388>
Chicago Arije, O. , Ayodele, A. , Olubı, O. "Estimation of Effective Dose and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risks due to ingestion of Natural Radionuclides in Rice Samples from Selected Farms in Southwestern Nigeria.". Journal of Nuclear Sciences 8 (2022 ): 1-9
RIS TY - JOUR T1 - Estimation of Effective Dose and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risks due to ingestion of Natural Radionuclides in Rice Samples from Selected Farms in Southwestern Nigeria. AU - OlubodunArije, AdeoluAyodele, OmodeleOlubı Y1 - 2022 PY - 2022 N1 - DO - T2 - Journal of Nuclear Sciences JF - Journal JO - JOR SP - 1 EP - 9 VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 2147-7736-2148-3981 M3 - UR - Y2 - 2022 ER -
EndNote %0 Journal of Nuclear Sciences Estimation of Effective Dose and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risks due to ingestion of Natural Radionuclides in Rice Samples from Selected Farms in Southwestern Nigeria. %A Olubodun Arije , Adeolu Ayodele , Omodele Olubı %T Estimation of Effective Dose and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risks due to ingestion of Natural Radionuclides in Rice Samples from Selected Farms in Southwestern Nigeria. %D 2022 %J Journal of Nuclear Sciences %P 2147-7736-2148-3981 %V 8 %N 1 %R %U
ISNAD Arije, Olubodun , Ayodele, Adeolu , Olubı, Omodele . "Estimation of Effective Dose and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risks due to ingestion of Natural Radionuclides in Rice Samples from Selected Farms in Southwestern Nigeria.". Journal of Nuclear Sciences 8 / 1 (November 2022): 1-9 .
AMA Arije O. , Ayodele A. , Olubı O. Estimation of Effective Dose and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risks due to ingestion of Natural Radionuclides in Rice Samples from Selected Farms in Southwestern Nigeria.. Journal of Nuclear Sciences. 2022; 8(1): 1-9.
Vancouver Arije O. , Ayodele A. , Olubı O. Estimation of Effective Dose and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risks due to ingestion of Natural Radionuclides in Rice Samples from Selected Farms in Southwestern Nigeria.. Journal of Nuclear Sciences. 2022; 8(1): 1-9.
IEEE O. Arije , A. Ayodele and O. Olubı , "Estimation of Effective Dose and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risks due to ingestion of Natural Radionuclides in Rice Samples from Selected Farms in Southwestern Nigeria.", Journal of Nuclear Sciences, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1-9, Nov. 2022