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Exploring the Borderlands Between Media and Health: Approach to Health News in the Context of Critical Media Health Literacy

Year 2018, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 197 - 219, 15.02.2019

Abstract



The individual can reach a
lot of information through the media in today's information society. However,
this information is sometimes in the form of information that is completely
contradictory, not proven. The situation in the health news published in the
newspapers is not different. In order for readers to be able to rely on the
accuracy of the information, they must be able to analyze these complex
messages and, first of all, be media literate. On the other hand, the critical
health literate should not be content with the information receives from the
newspapers and should seek the right information, interpret the information
obtained, must have the necessary knowledge. However, he can use the
information he acquired in this way to himself and those around him.
In this context, the aim of the study is to, critical approach to health
news is evaluated in the context of critical media health literacy.
General screening model was
used in the study.
The study was discussed within the framework of the
relationship between the relevant literature and critical health literacy and
critical media literacy.

In this context, the relevant study
contributes to the literature on critical media health literacy.

References

  • Alver, Füsun (2006) “Medya Yetkinliğinin Kuramsal Temelleri”, Kilad Dergisi, No:7, s. 9-26 Baker, David W., Williams, Mark V., Parker, Ruth M., Gazmararian, Julie A ve Nurss, Joanna (1999) “Development of a brief test to measure functional health literacy”, Patient education and counseling, 38(1), s. 33-42. Bass, Path F., Wilson, John F. ve Griffith, Charles H. (2003) “A shortened instrument for literacy screening”, Journal of general internal medicine, 18(12), s. 1036-1038. Begoray, Deborah L., Banister, Elizabeth M., Wharf Higgins, Joan ve Wilmot, Robin (2014). “Online, tuned in, turned on: Multimedia approaches to fostering critical media health literacy for adolescents”, Asia-Pacific Journal of Health, Sport and Physical Education, 5(3), s. 267-280. Begoray, Deborah. L., Wharf-Higgins, Joan ve MacDonald, Marjorie (2009) “High school health curriculum and health literacy: Canadian student voices”, Global Health Promotion, 16(4), s. 35–42. Berkman, Nancy D., Davis, Terry C. ve McCormack, Lauren (2010) “Health literacy: what is it?”, Journal of health communication, 15(S2), s.9-19. Bernhardt, Jay M., ve Cameron, Kenzie A. (2003) Accessing, understanding, and applying health communication messages: The challenge of health literacy In T. L. Thompson, A. M. Dorsey, K. I. Miller ve R. Parrott (Eds.), Handbook of health communication (s. 583-605). Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. Bilir, Nazmi (2014) “Sağlık okur-yazarlığı” Turk J. Public Health, 12(1), s. 61-68. Bilişli, Y. (2018). Sağlık İletişimi Tıbbileştirme, Bireyselleştirme, “Healthism ve Tüketime İlişkin Sağlık Haber Çözümlemeleri, Ankara, Nobel Yayınevi. Binark, Mutlu ve Bek, Mine Gencel (2007) Eleştirel Medya Okuryazarlığı, İstanbul, Kalkedon Yayınları. Bulduklu, Y. (2010). Televizyonda yayınlanan sağlık programları ve izleyicieri üzerine ampirik bir çalışma. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Konya. Chew, Lisa D., Bradley, Katharine A. ve Boyko, Edward. J. (2004) “Brief questions to identify patients with inadequate health literacy”, Family Medicine, 36(8), s. 588-594. Christ, William G., ve Potter, W. James. (1998) “Media literacy, media education, and the Academy”, Journal of communication, 48(1), s. 5-15. Clouston, Sean A., Manganello, Jennifer A. ve Richards, Marcus (2016) “A life course approach to health literacy: the role of gender, educational attainment and lifetime cognitive capability” Age and ageing, 46(3), s. 493-499. Çetinkaya, Selin (2008) “Bilinçli medya kullanıcıları yaratma sürecinde medya okuryazarlığının önemi”, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara. Çimen, Zühal (2015) “Kronik Hastalığı Olan Yaşlı Bireylerde Sağlık Okuryazarlığı, Sağlık Algısı ve İlişkili Faktörler”, Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Ege Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir. Davis, Terry C., Long, S. Wesley et al. (1993) “Rapid estimate of adult literacy in medicine: a shortened screening instrument”, Family medicine, 25(6), s. 391-395. Durur, Elif Küçük (2016). “Sağlık ve medya ilişkiselliğinde (Eleştirel) Medya Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Kavramı Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme”. Atılım Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(2), 61-84. Flores-Koulish, S.A. ve Debby Deal. (2008). “Reacting to Change: Critical Media Literacy for United States Reading Teachers?”, Studies in Media and Information Literacy Education, 8 (3), s. 1–14. Goodman, Melody S., Gaskin, Darrell J., Si, Xuemei, Stafford, Jewel D., Lachance, Christina ve Kaphingst, Kimberly A. (2012) “Self-reported segregation experience throughout the life course and its association with adequate health literacy”, Health & Place, 18(5), s. 1115-1121. Gunther, Albert C., Bolt, Daniel, Borzekowski, Dina L., Liebhart, Janice L., ve Dillard, James Price (2006) “Presumed influence on peer norms: How mass media indirectly affect adolescent smoking”, Journal of Communication, 56(1), s. 52-68. Güngör, Nazife (2013) İletişim: kuramlar ve yaklaşımlar, Ankara, Siyasal Kitabevi. Hiebert, Ray Eldon (1999) Impact of Mass Media, New York, Longman Inc. Hobbs, Renee, Broder, Sharon, Pope, Holly ve Rowe, Jonelle (2006) “How adolescent girls interpret weight-loss advertising”, Health education research, 21(5), s.719-730. Ishikawa, Hirono ve Yano, Eiji (2008) “Patient health literacy and participation in the health‐care process”, Health Expectations, 11(2), s. 113-122. Karl, Herb (1974) Media Literacy: The Right To Know, The English Journal. 63(7), s. 7-9. Kindig, David A., Panzer, Allison M. ve Nielsen-Bohlman, Lynn (Eds.). (2004) Health Literacy: a Prescription to end Confusion, Washington, National Academies Press, Kline, Stephen, Stewart, Kym ve Murphy, David (2006) “Media literacy in the risk society: Toward a risk reduction strategy” Canadian Journal of Education/Revue canadienne de l'éducation, s.131-153. Köse, Hüseyin (2007) Alternatif Medya, İstanbul, Yirmidört Yayınevi. Kupersmidt, Janis B., Scull, Tracy M. ve Austin, Erica Weintraub (2010) “Media literacy education for elementary school substance use prevention: study of media detective” Pediatrics, 126(3), s. 528-531 Levin-Zamir, Diane ve Bertschi, Isabella (2018) “Media Health Literacy, eHealth Literacy, and the Role of the Social Environment in Context”, International journal of environmental research and public health, 15(8), 1-12 Levin-Zamir, Diane, Lemish, Dafna, ve Gofin, Rosa (2011) “Media Health Literacy (MHL): development and measurement of the concept among adolescents”, Health Education Research, 26(2), s. 323-335. Livingstone, Sonia (2004) “The challenge of changing audiences: Or, what is the audience researcher to do in the age of the Internet?”, European journal of communication, 19(1), s. 75-86. Maly, Rose C., Frank, Janet C., Marshall, Grant N., DiMatteo, M. Robin ve Reuben, David B. (1998) “Perceived efficacy in patient‐physician interactions (PEPPI): validation of an instrument in older persons”, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 46(7), s. 889-894. McAllister, Elan (2008) “Transparency in maternity care: Empowering women to make educated choices”, The Journal of perinatal education, 17(4), 8-11 Mihailidis, Paul (2008) “Beyond Cynicism: how media literacy can make students more engaged citizens”, Doctor of Philosophy Thesis. Faculty of the Graduate Schoolof the University of Maryland, USA. Morrell, Ernest (2002) “Toward a critical pedagogy of popular culture: Literacy development among urban youth”, Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 46(1), s.72-77. Morris, Nancy S., MacLean, Charles D., Chew, Lisa D. ve Littenberg, Benjamin (2006) “The Single Item Literacy Screener: evaluation of a brief instrument to identify limited reading ability”, BMC family practice, 7(1), 21. Murray, John P. (2008) “Media violence: The Effects are Both Real and Strong”, American Behavioral Scientist, 51(8), s. 1212-1230. Nutbeam, Don (2000) "Health Literacy As A Public Health Goal: A Challenge For Contemporary Health Education and Communication Strategies İnto The 21st Century", Health promotion international, 15(3), s. 259-267. Nutbeam, Don (2008). The evolving concept of health literacy. Social science & medicine, 67(12), 2072-2078. Özbaş, Sema ve Özkan, Seçil (2010). Kadın sağlığını geliştirmede medyanın kullanımı ve etkisi. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 9(5), 541-546. Parker, Ruth (2000) “Health literacy: a challenge for American patients and their health care providers”, Health Promotion International, 15(4), s. 277-283. Parker, Ruth M.; Baker, David W.; Williams, Mark V. ve Nurss, Joanne R. (1995) “The test of functional health literacy in adults”, Journal of general internal medicine, 10(10), s. 537-541. Peerson, Anita ve Saunders, Margo (2009) “Health literacy revisited: what do we mean and why does it matter?”, Health promotion international, 24(3), s.285-296. Potter, William James (2005) Media Literacy. London, Sage Publication, Real,Yannick M. (2008) “An assessment of the relationship between creatıvıty and ınformation and media literacy skills of community college students for a selected major”. PhD Thesis. Pepperdine University Graduate School of Education and Psychology, Malibu, USA. Rootman, Irving (2004) “Health promotion and literacy: implications for nursing”, CJNR (Canadian Journal of Nursing Research), 36(1), s.13-21. Simonds, Scott K. (1974) “Health education as social policy”, Health Education Monograph, 2(1), s.1–10. Snyder, Leslie B.; Milici, Frances Fleming; Slater, Michael; Sun, Helen ve Strizhakova, Yuliya (2006) “Effects of alcohol advertising exposure on drinking among youth”, Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 160(1), s.18-24. Speros, Carolyn (2005). “Health Literacy: Concept Analysis”, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 50(6), s. 633-640. Strasburger, Victor C. (2005) “Adolescents, sex, and the media: Ooooo, baby, baby-a Q & A.”, Adolescent medicine clinics, 16(2), s. 269-288. Tabak, Ruhi Selçuk (1999) Sağlık İletişimi, İstanbul, Literatür Yayınları. Tigga, Ranjit (2009) “Rise, decline, and re-emergence of media literacy education in the United States: 1960-2000”, PhD Thesis, Faculty of the Graduate School, Marquette University, Wisconcin, USA. Tran, Anh N.; Haidet, Paul; Street Jr, Richard L. Et al. (2004) “Empowering communication: a community-based intervention for patients”, Patient education and counseling, 52(1), s.113-121. Türkoğlu, Hülya Semiz (2017) “Çocukların Televizyon İzleme Davranışlarında Medya Okuryazarlığı Dersinin Etkisi Üzerine Bir Alan Araştırması”, İnif E-Dergi, 2(1), s. 27-46. Van Heertum, Richard ve Share, Jeff (2006) “A new direction for multiple literacy education”, McGill Journal of Education, 41(3), s. 249-265. Wehmeyer, Jim (2000) “Critical Media Studies And The North American Media Literacy Movement”. Cinema Journal, 39(4), s. 94-101. Wellman, Robert J.; Sugarman, David B. Et al. (2006) “The extent to which tobacco marketing and tobacco use in films contribute to children's use of tobacco: a meta-analysis”, Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 160(12), s. 1285-1296. Wharf Higgins, Joan, ve Begoray, Deborah (2012) “Exploring the Borderlands between Media and Health: Conceptualizing Critical Media Health Literacy”, Journal of Media Literacy Education, 4(2), s.136-148. World Health Organization (WHO), (1998) “Division of health promotion, education and communications health education and health promotion unit, Health Promotion Glossary”, World Health Organization, Geneva. World Health Organization (WHO. (2018). Health literacy. The Solid Facts. (çevrimiçi) http://www.thehealthwell.info/node/534072 (Erişim Tarihi: 24.11.2018). Zamora, Herlinda ve Clingerman, Evelyn M. (2011) “Health literacy among older adults: a systematic literature review”, Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 37(10), s.41-51.

Medya ve Sağlık Arasındaki Sınırları Keşfetmek: Eleştirel Medya Sağlığı Okuryazarlığı Bağlamında Sağlık Haberlerine Yaklaşım

Year 2018, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 197 - 219, 15.02.2019

Abstract

Günümüz enformasyon
toplumunda birey medya kanalıyla birçok bilgiye ulaşabilmektedir. Ancak bu
bilgiler bazen birbiriyle tamamen çelişen doğruluğu kanıtlanmamış bilgiler
şeklindedir. Gazetelerde yayımlanan sağlık haberlerinde de durum bundan farklı
değildir. Okuyucu bilgilerin doğruluğuna güvenebilmesi için, bu karmaşık
mesajları analiz edebilmeli ve bunun için de öncelikle medya okuryazarı
olmalıdır. Öte yandan eleştirel sağlık okuryazarı bir birey; gazetelerden
aldığı bilgi ile yetinmeyerek doğru bilgiyi aramalı, elde ettiği bilgileri
yorumlamalı ve bunları kendisine ya da çevresindekilere kullanabilmesi için
gerekli bilgi birikimine sahip olmalıdır.
Bu bağlamda
çalışmanın amacı, sağlık haberlerine eleştirel yaklaşımı, eleştirel medya sağlığı
okur-yazarlığı bağlamında değerlendirmektir. Çalışma genel tarama modeli
çerçevesinde, alana yönelik literatür araştırmasına dayalı olarak, eleştirel
sağlık okuryazarlığının, eleştirel medya okuryazarlığı ile ilişkisi ekseninde
tartışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda ilgili çalışma, eleştirel medya sağlığı
okuryazarlığına yönelik yazına katkıda bulunmaktadır.

References

  • Alver, Füsun (2006) “Medya Yetkinliğinin Kuramsal Temelleri”, Kilad Dergisi, No:7, s. 9-26 Baker, David W., Williams, Mark V., Parker, Ruth M., Gazmararian, Julie A ve Nurss, Joanna (1999) “Development of a brief test to measure functional health literacy”, Patient education and counseling, 38(1), s. 33-42. Bass, Path F., Wilson, John F. ve Griffith, Charles H. (2003) “A shortened instrument for literacy screening”, Journal of general internal medicine, 18(12), s. 1036-1038. Begoray, Deborah L., Banister, Elizabeth M., Wharf Higgins, Joan ve Wilmot, Robin (2014). “Online, tuned in, turned on: Multimedia approaches to fostering critical media health literacy for adolescents”, Asia-Pacific Journal of Health, Sport and Physical Education, 5(3), s. 267-280. Begoray, Deborah. L., Wharf-Higgins, Joan ve MacDonald, Marjorie (2009) “High school health curriculum and health literacy: Canadian student voices”, Global Health Promotion, 16(4), s. 35–42. Berkman, Nancy D., Davis, Terry C. ve McCormack, Lauren (2010) “Health literacy: what is it?”, Journal of health communication, 15(S2), s.9-19. Bernhardt, Jay M., ve Cameron, Kenzie A. (2003) Accessing, understanding, and applying health communication messages: The challenge of health literacy In T. L. Thompson, A. M. Dorsey, K. I. Miller ve R. Parrott (Eds.), Handbook of health communication (s. 583-605). Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. Bilir, Nazmi (2014) “Sağlık okur-yazarlığı” Turk J. Public Health, 12(1), s. 61-68. Bilişli, Y. (2018). Sağlık İletişimi Tıbbileştirme, Bireyselleştirme, “Healthism ve Tüketime İlişkin Sağlık Haber Çözümlemeleri, Ankara, Nobel Yayınevi. Binark, Mutlu ve Bek, Mine Gencel (2007) Eleştirel Medya Okuryazarlığı, İstanbul, Kalkedon Yayınları. Bulduklu, Y. (2010). Televizyonda yayınlanan sağlık programları ve izleyicieri üzerine ampirik bir çalışma. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Konya. Chew, Lisa D., Bradley, Katharine A. ve Boyko, Edward. J. (2004) “Brief questions to identify patients with inadequate health literacy”, Family Medicine, 36(8), s. 588-594. Christ, William G., ve Potter, W. James. (1998) “Media literacy, media education, and the Academy”, Journal of communication, 48(1), s. 5-15. Clouston, Sean A., Manganello, Jennifer A. ve Richards, Marcus (2016) “A life course approach to health literacy: the role of gender, educational attainment and lifetime cognitive capability” Age and ageing, 46(3), s. 493-499. Çetinkaya, Selin (2008) “Bilinçli medya kullanıcıları yaratma sürecinde medya okuryazarlığının önemi”, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara. Çimen, Zühal (2015) “Kronik Hastalığı Olan Yaşlı Bireylerde Sağlık Okuryazarlığı, Sağlık Algısı ve İlişkili Faktörler”, Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Ege Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir. Davis, Terry C., Long, S. Wesley et al. (1993) “Rapid estimate of adult literacy in medicine: a shortened screening instrument”, Family medicine, 25(6), s. 391-395. Durur, Elif Küçük (2016). “Sağlık ve medya ilişkiselliğinde (Eleştirel) Medya Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Kavramı Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme”. Atılım Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(2), 61-84. Flores-Koulish, S.A. ve Debby Deal. (2008). “Reacting to Change: Critical Media Literacy for United States Reading Teachers?”, Studies in Media and Information Literacy Education, 8 (3), s. 1–14. Goodman, Melody S., Gaskin, Darrell J., Si, Xuemei, Stafford, Jewel D., Lachance, Christina ve Kaphingst, Kimberly A. (2012) “Self-reported segregation experience throughout the life course and its association with adequate health literacy”, Health & Place, 18(5), s. 1115-1121. Gunther, Albert C., Bolt, Daniel, Borzekowski, Dina L., Liebhart, Janice L., ve Dillard, James Price (2006) “Presumed influence on peer norms: How mass media indirectly affect adolescent smoking”, Journal of Communication, 56(1), s. 52-68. Güngör, Nazife (2013) İletişim: kuramlar ve yaklaşımlar, Ankara, Siyasal Kitabevi. Hiebert, Ray Eldon (1999) Impact of Mass Media, New York, Longman Inc. Hobbs, Renee, Broder, Sharon, Pope, Holly ve Rowe, Jonelle (2006) “How adolescent girls interpret weight-loss advertising”, Health education research, 21(5), s.719-730. Ishikawa, Hirono ve Yano, Eiji (2008) “Patient health literacy and participation in the health‐care process”, Health Expectations, 11(2), s. 113-122. Karl, Herb (1974) Media Literacy: The Right To Know, The English Journal. 63(7), s. 7-9. Kindig, David A., Panzer, Allison M. ve Nielsen-Bohlman, Lynn (Eds.). (2004) Health Literacy: a Prescription to end Confusion, Washington, National Academies Press, Kline, Stephen, Stewart, Kym ve Murphy, David (2006) “Media literacy in the risk society: Toward a risk reduction strategy” Canadian Journal of Education/Revue canadienne de l'éducation, s.131-153. Köse, Hüseyin (2007) Alternatif Medya, İstanbul, Yirmidört Yayınevi. Kupersmidt, Janis B., Scull, Tracy M. ve Austin, Erica Weintraub (2010) “Media literacy education for elementary school substance use prevention: study of media detective” Pediatrics, 126(3), s. 528-531 Levin-Zamir, Diane ve Bertschi, Isabella (2018) “Media Health Literacy, eHealth Literacy, and the Role of the Social Environment in Context”, International journal of environmental research and public health, 15(8), 1-12 Levin-Zamir, Diane, Lemish, Dafna, ve Gofin, Rosa (2011) “Media Health Literacy (MHL): development and measurement of the concept among adolescents”, Health Education Research, 26(2), s. 323-335. Livingstone, Sonia (2004) “The challenge of changing audiences: Or, what is the audience researcher to do in the age of the Internet?”, European journal of communication, 19(1), s. 75-86. Maly, Rose C., Frank, Janet C., Marshall, Grant N., DiMatteo, M. Robin ve Reuben, David B. (1998) “Perceived efficacy in patient‐physician interactions (PEPPI): validation of an instrument in older persons”, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 46(7), s. 889-894. McAllister, Elan (2008) “Transparency in maternity care: Empowering women to make educated choices”, The Journal of perinatal education, 17(4), 8-11 Mihailidis, Paul (2008) “Beyond Cynicism: how media literacy can make students more engaged citizens”, Doctor of Philosophy Thesis. Faculty of the Graduate Schoolof the University of Maryland, USA. Morrell, Ernest (2002) “Toward a critical pedagogy of popular culture: Literacy development among urban youth”, Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 46(1), s.72-77. Morris, Nancy S., MacLean, Charles D., Chew, Lisa D. ve Littenberg, Benjamin (2006) “The Single Item Literacy Screener: evaluation of a brief instrument to identify limited reading ability”, BMC family practice, 7(1), 21. Murray, John P. (2008) “Media violence: The Effects are Both Real and Strong”, American Behavioral Scientist, 51(8), s. 1212-1230. Nutbeam, Don (2000) "Health Literacy As A Public Health Goal: A Challenge For Contemporary Health Education and Communication Strategies İnto The 21st Century", Health promotion international, 15(3), s. 259-267. Nutbeam, Don (2008). The evolving concept of health literacy. Social science & medicine, 67(12), 2072-2078. Özbaş, Sema ve Özkan, Seçil (2010). Kadın sağlığını geliştirmede medyanın kullanımı ve etkisi. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 9(5), 541-546. Parker, Ruth (2000) “Health literacy: a challenge for American patients and their health care providers”, Health Promotion International, 15(4), s. 277-283. Parker, Ruth M.; Baker, David W.; Williams, Mark V. ve Nurss, Joanne R. (1995) “The test of functional health literacy in adults”, Journal of general internal medicine, 10(10), s. 537-541. Peerson, Anita ve Saunders, Margo (2009) “Health literacy revisited: what do we mean and why does it matter?”, Health promotion international, 24(3), s.285-296. Potter, William James (2005) Media Literacy. London, Sage Publication, Real,Yannick M. (2008) “An assessment of the relationship between creatıvıty and ınformation and media literacy skills of community college students for a selected major”. PhD Thesis. Pepperdine University Graduate School of Education and Psychology, Malibu, USA. Rootman, Irving (2004) “Health promotion and literacy: implications for nursing”, CJNR (Canadian Journal of Nursing Research), 36(1), s.13-21. Simonds, Scott K. (1974) “Health education as social policy”, Health Education Monograph, 2(1), s.1–10. Snyder, Leslie B.; Milici, Frances Fleming; Slater, Michael; Sun, Helen ve Strizhakova, Yuliya (2006) “Effects of alcohol advertising exposure on drinking among youth”, Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 160(1), s.18-24. Speros, Carolyn (2005). “Health Literacy: Concept Analysis”, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 50(6), s. 633-640. Strasburger, Victor C. (2005) “Adolescents, sex, and the media: Ooooo, baby, baby-a Q & A.”, Adolescent medicine clinics, 16(2), s. 269-288. Tabak, Ruhi Selçuk (1999) Sağlık İletişimi, İstanbul, Literatür Yayınları. Tigga, Ranjit (2009) “Rise, decline, and re-emergence of media literacy education in the United States: 1960-2000”, PhD Thesis, Faculty of the Graduate School, Marquette University, Wisconcin, USA. Tran, Anh N.; Haidet, Paul; Street Jr, Richard L. Et al. (2004) “Empowering communication: a community-based intervention for patients”, Patient education and counseling, 52(1), s.113-121. Türkoğlu, Hülya Semiz (2017) “Çocukların Televizyon İzleme Davranışlarında Medya Okuryazarlığı Dersinin Etkisi Üzerine Bir Alan Araştırması”, İnif E-Dergi, 2(1), s. 27-46. Van Heertum, Richard ve Share, Jeff (2006) “A new direction for multiple literacy education”, McGill Journal of Education, 41(3), s. 249-265. Wehmeyer, Jim (2000) “Critical Media Studies And The North American Media Literacy Movement”. Cinema Journal, 39(4), s. 94-101. Wellman, Robert J.; Sugarman, David B. Et al. (2006) “The extent to which tobacco marketing and tobacco use in films contribute to children's use of tobacco: a meta-analysis”, Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 160(12), s. 1285-1296. Wharf Higgins, Joan, ve Begoray, Deborah (2012) “Exploring the Borderlands between Media and Health: Conceptualizing Critical Media Health Literacy”, Journal of Media Literacy Education, 4(2), s.136-148. World Health Organization (WHO), (1998) “Division of health promotion, education and communications health education and health promotion unit, Health Promotion Glossary”, World Health Organization, Geneva. World Health Organization (WHO. (2018). Health literacy. The Solid Facts. (çevrimiçi) http://www.thehealthwell.info/node/534072 (Erişim Tarihi: 24.11.2018). Zamora, Herlinda ve Clingerman, Evelyn M. (2011) “Health literacy among older adults: a systematic literature review”, Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 37(10), s.41-51.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Yasemin Bilişli

Publication Date February 15, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Bilişli, Y. (2019). Medya ve Sağlık Arasındaki Sınırları Keşfetmek: Eleştirel Medya Sağlığı Okuryazarlığı Bağlamında Sağlık Haberlerine Yaklaşım. Maltepe Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(2), 197-219.