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Protein contents and antioxidant properties of pleurotus ostreatus cultivated on tea and espresso wastes

Year 2017, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, Special Issue 1, 177 - 186, 25.11.2017
https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.370113

Abstract

In this study, Pleurotus ostreatus was cultivated on tea (Camellia sinensis) and espresso wastes. Tea wastes were used in two forms; sterilized or non-sterilized. Then, total phenolic, flavonoid, condensed tannin contents, ferric reducing/antioxidant capacity (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging were used as antioxidant determinants and also protein content were investigated in these mushrooms’ methanolic extracts. Same measurements were determined in mushrooms’ growing medium except protein content. The highest protein content (20.89%) was found in non-sterilized tea wastes. The highest total phenolic (1.460±0.012 mg GAE/g), total flavonoid (0.120±0.005 mg QE/g), condensed tannin (0.877±0.011 mg CE/g) and the lowest scavenging of free radical activity (17.190±0.001 mg/mL) were determined in sterilized tea wastes. The highest ferric reducing antioxidant power (8.498±0.089 μmolFeSO4.7H2O/g) were determined in espresso wastes. Additionally, there was no statistically significant difference between the sterilized and non-sterilized substrates for the total yield and biological efficiencies. In this case, it can be said that the kinds of substrates and their usage forms are very important in terms of energy savings especially does not require sterilization like tea wastes. Consequently, tea and espresso wastes can be used as a beneficial source of substrate material for Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom cultivation.

References

  • Barney, D.L. (2009). Growing Mushrooms Commercially — Risks and Opportunities, http://www.cals.uidaho.edu/edcomm/pdf/cis/cis1077.pdf.
  • Rühl, M., Fischer, C., & Kües, U. (2008). Ligninolytic enzyme activities alternate with mushroom production during industrial cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus on wheat straw-based substrate. Curr Trends Biotechnol Pharm, 2(4), 478-492.
  • Turkoglu, A., Duru, M.E., Mercan, N., Kivrak, I., & Gezer, K. (2007). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.) Murrill. Food Chemistry, 101(1), 267-273.
  • Khan, A.A., Gani, A., Ahmad, M., Masoodi, F.A., Amin, F., & Kousar, S. (2016). Mushroom varieties found in the Himalayan regions of India: Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiproliferative activities. Food Science and Biotechnology, 25(4), 1095-1100.
  • Greeshma, P., Ravikumar, K.S., Neethu, M.N., Pandey, M., Zuhara, K.F., & Janardhanan, K.K. (2016). Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities of cultured mycelia and fruiting bodies of the elm oyster mushroom, Hypsizygus ulmarius (Agaricomycetes). International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 18(3), 235-244.
  • Sirisidthi, K., Kosai, P., & Jiraungkoorskul, W. (2016). Antidiabetic activity of the lingzhi or reishi medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum: review. SA Pharmaceutical Journal, 83(8), 45-47.
  • Garcha, H., Dhanda, S., & Khanna, P. (1984). Evaluation of various organic residues for the cultivation of Pleurotus (Dhingri) species. Mush. Newslett. Trop, 5(1), 13-16.
  • Guide, H.P. (2004) Mushroom Cultivation and Marketing. Chambaghat, Solan: Directorate of Mushroom Research (ICAR).
  • Chukwurah, N., Eze, S., Chiejina, N., Onyeonagu, C., Ugwuoke, K., Ugwu, F., Nkwonta, C., Akobueze, E., Aruah, C., & Onwuelughasi C. (2012). Performance of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) in different local agricultural waste materials. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(37), 8979-8985.
  • Gülser, C., & Pekşen, A. (2003) Using tea waste as a new casing material in mushroom (Agaricus bisporus (L.) Sing.) cultivation. Bioresource technology, 88(2), 153-156.
  • Reddy, G., Babu, P.R., Komaraiah, P., Roy, K., & Kothari, I. (2003). Utilization of banana waste for the production of lignolytic and cellulolytic enzymes by solid substrate fermentation using two Pleurotus species (P. ostreatus and P. sajor-caju). Process Biochemistry, 38(10), 1457-1462.
  • Dias, E.S., Koshikumo, E., Schwan, R.F., & Silva, R.D. (2003). Cultivo do cogumelo Pleurotus sajor-caju em diferentes resíduos agrícolas. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 27(6), 1363-1369.
  • Gonbad, R.A., Sinniah, U.R., Aziz, M.A., & Mohamad, R. (2013). Influence of different organic waste materials on hardening of micropropagated tea (Camellia sinensis L.) Clone'Iran 100'. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 25(9), 4987.
  • Pandey, A., Soccol, C.R., Nigam, P., Brand, D., Mohan, R., & Roussos, S. (2000). Biotechnological potential of coffee pulp and coffee husk for bioprocesses. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 6(2), 153-162.
  • Silva, S.O., Costa, S.M.G., & Clemente, E. (2002). Chemical composition of Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quél., substrates and residue after cultivation. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 45(4), 531-535.
  • Royse, D.J. (1985) Effect of spawn run time and substrate nutrition on yield and size of the shiitake mushroom. Mycologia, 77(5), 756-762.
  • Chang, S., Lau, O., & Cho, K. (1981). The cultivation and nutritional value of Pleurotus sajor-caju. European Journal of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 12(1), 58-62.
  • Crisan, E., Sands A., Nutritional value. 1978: Academic Press, New York.
  • Slinkard, K., & Singleton, V.L. (1977). Total phenol analysis: automation and comparison with manual methods. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 28(1), 49-55.
  • Fukumoto, L., & Mazza, G. (2000). Assessing antioxidant and prooxidant activities of phenolic compounds Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48(8), 3597-3604.
  • Julkunen-Tiitto, R. (1985). Phenolic constituents in the leaves of northern willows: methods for the analysis of certain phenolics. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 33(2), 213-217.
  • Benzie, I.F., & Strain, J. (1996). The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of “antioxidant power”: the FRAP assay, Analytical Biochemistry, 239(1), 70-76.
  • Molyneux, P. (2004). The use of the stable free radical diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) for estimating antioxidant activity. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 26(2), 211-219.
  • Longvah, T., & Deosthale, Y. (1998). Compositional and nutritional studies on edible wild mushroom from northeast India. Food Chemistry, 63(3), 331-334.
  • Cohen, N., Cohen, J., Asatiani, M.D., Varshney, V.K., Yu, H.T., Yang, Y.C., Li, Y.H., Mau, J.L., & Wasser, S.P. (2014). Chemical composition and nutritional and medicinal value of fruit bodies and submerged cultured mycelia of culinary-medicinal higher Basidiomycetes mushrooms. International journal of medicinal mushrooms, 16(3), 273-291.
  • Velioglu, Y., Mazza, G., Gao, L., & Oomah, B. (1998). Antioxidant activity and total phenolics in selected fruits, vegetables, and grain products. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 46(10), 4113-4117.
  • Barros, L., Ferreira, M.-J., Queiros, B., Ferreira, I.C., & Baptista, P. (2007). Total phenols, ascorbic acid, β-carotene and lycopene in Portuguese wild edible mushrooms and their antioxidant activities. Food Chemistry, 103(2), 413-419.
  • Gursoy, N., Sarikurkcu, C., Cengiz, M., & Solak, M.H. (2009). Antioxidant activities, metal contents, total phenolics and flavonoids of seven Morchella species. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 47(9), 2381-2388.
  • Cook, N., & Samman, S. (1996). Flavonoids—chemistry, metabolism, cardioprotective effects, and dietary sources. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 7(2), 66-76.
  • Singh, R., Verma, P.K., & Singh, G. (2012). Total phenolic, flavonoids and tannin contents in different extracts of Artemisia absinthium. Journal of Intercultural Ethnopharmacology, 1(2), 101-104.
  • Pujol, D., Liu, C., Gominho, J., Olivella, M., Fiol, N., Villaescusa, I., & Pereira, H. (2013). The chemical composition of exhausted coffee waste. Industrial Crops and Products, 50, 423-429.
  • Yıldız, S., Yılmaz, A., Can, Z., Kılıç, C., & Yıldız, Ü.C. (2017). Total Phenolic, Flavonoid, Tannin Contents and Antioxidant Properties of Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus citrinopileatus Cultivated on Various Sawdust. The Journal of Food, 42(3), 315-323.
  • Thaipong, K., Boonprakob, U., Crosby, K., Cisneros-Zevallos, L., & Byrne, D.H. (2006). Comparison of ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and ORAC assays for estimating antioxidant activity from guava fruit extracts. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 19(6), 669-675.
  • Kalogeropoulos, N., Yanni, A.E., Koutrotsios, G., & Aloupi, M. (2013). Bioactive microconstituents and antioxidant properties of wild edible mushrooms from the island of Lesvos, Greece. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 55, 378-385.
  • Mishra, K., Ojha, H., & Chaudhury, N.K. (2012). Estimation of antiradical properties of antioxidants using DPPH assay: A critical review and results. Food Chemistry, 130(4), 1036-1043.

Protein contents and antioxidant properties of pleurotus ostreatus cultivated on tea and espresso wastes

Year 2017, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, Special Issue 1, 177 - 186, 25.11.2017
https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.370113

Abstract

In
this study, Pleurotus ostreatus was
cultivated on tea (Camellia sinensis)
and espresso wastes. Tea wastes were used in two forms; sterilized or
non-sterilized. Then, total phenolic, flavonoid, condensed tannin contents,
ferric reducing/antioxidant capacity (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl
(DPPH) free radical scavenging were used as antioxidant determinants and also
protein content were investigated in these mushrooms’ methanolic extracts. Same
measurements were determined in mushrooms’ growing medium except protein
content. The highest protein content (20.89%) was found in non-sterilized tea
wastes. The highest total phenolic (1.460±0.012 mg GAE/g), total flavonoid
(0.120±0.005 mg QE/g), condensed tannin (0.877±0.011 mg CE/g) and the lowest scavenging
of free radical
activity (17.190±0.001 mg/mL) were determined in sterilized tea wastes. The
highest ferric reducing antioxidant power (8.498±0.089 μmolFeSO4.7H2O/g)
were determined in espresso wastes. Additionally, there was no statistically
significant difference between the sterilized and non-sterilized substrates for
the total yield and biological efficiencies. In this case, it can be said that
the kinds of substrates and their usage forms are very important in terms of
energy savings especially does not require sterilization like tea wastes.
Consequently, tea and espresso wastes can be used as a beneficial source of
substrate material for Pleurotus
ostreatus
mushroom cultivation.

References

  • Barney, D.L. (2009). Growing Mushrooms Commercially — Risks and Opportunities, http://www.cals.uidaho.edu/edcomm/pdf/cis/cis1077.pdf.
  • Rühl, M., Fischer, C., & Kües, U. (2008). Ligninolytic enzyme activities alternate with mushroom production during industrial cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus on wheat straw-based substrate. Curr Trends Biotechnol Pharm, 2(4), 478-492.
  • Turkoglu, A., Duru, M.E., Mercan, N., Kivrak, I., & Gezer, K. (2007). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.) Murrill. Food Chemistry, 101(1), 267-273.
  • Khan, A.A., Gani, A., Ahmad, M., Masoodi, F.A., Amin, F., & Kousar, S. (2016). Mushroom varieties found in the Himalayan regions of India: Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiproliferative activities. Food Science and Biotechnology, 25(4), 1095-1100.
  • Greeshma, P., Ravikumar, K.S., Neethu, M.N., Pandey, M., Zuhara, K.F., & Janardhanan, K.K. (2016). Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities of cultured mycelia and fruiting bodies of the elm oyster mushroom, Hypsizygus ulmarius (Agaricomycetes). International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 18(3), 235-244.
  • Sirisidthi, K., Kosai, P., & Jiraungkoorskul, W. (2016). Antidiabetic activity of the lingzhi or reishi medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum: review. SA Pharmaceutical Journal, 83(8), 45-47.
  • Garcha, H., Dhanda, S., & Khanna, P. (1984). Evaluation of various organic residues for the cultivation of Pleurotus (Dhingri) species. Mush. Newslett. Trop, 5(1), 13-16.
  • Guide, H.P. (2004) Mushroom Cultivation and Marketing. Chambaghat, Solan: Directorate of Mushroom Research (ICAR).
  • Chukwurah, N., Eze, S., Chiejina, N., Onyeonagu, C., Ugwuoke, K., Ugwu, F., Nkwonta, C., Akobueze, E., Aruah, C., & Onwuelughasi C. (2012). Performance of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) in different local agricultural waste materials. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(37), 8979-8985.
  • Gülser, C., & Pekşen, A. (2003) Using tea waste as a new casing material in mushroom (Agaricus bisporus (L.) Sing.) cultivation. Bioresource technology, 88(2), 153-156.
  • Reddy, G., Babu, P.R., Komaraiah, P., Roy, K., & Kothari, I. (2003). Utilization of banana waste for the production of lignolytic and cellulolytic enzymes by solid substrate fermentation using two Pleurotus species (P. ostreatus and P. sajor-caju). Process Biochemistry, 38(10), 1457-1462.
  • Dias, E.S., Koshikumo, E., Schwan, R.F., & Silva, R.D. (2003). Cultivo do cogumelo Pleurotus sajor-caju em diferentes resíduos agrícolas. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 27(6), 1363-1369.
  • Gonbad, R.A., Sinniah, U.R., Aziz, M.A., & Mohamad, R. (2013). Influence of different organic waste materials on hardening of micropropagated tea (Camellia sinensis L.) Clone'Iran 100'. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 25(9), 4987.
  • Pandey, A., Soccol, C.R., Nigam, P., Brand, D., Mohan, R., & Roussos, S. (2000). Biotechnological potential of coffee pulp and coffee husk for bioprocesses. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 6(2), 153-162.
  • Silva, S.O., Costa, S.M.G., & Clemente, E. (2002). Chemical composition of Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quél., substrates and residue after cultivation. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 45(4), 531-535.
  • Royse, D.J. (1985) Effect of spawn run time and substrate nutrition on yield and size of the shiitake mushroom. Mycologia, 77(5), 756-762.
  • Chang, S., Lau, O., & Cho, K. (1981). The cultivation and nutritional value of Pleurotus sajor-caju. European Journal of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 12(1), 58-62.
  • Crisan, E., Sands A., Nutritional value. 1978: Academic Press, New York.
  • Slinkard, K., & Singleton, V.L. (1977). Total phenol analysis: automation and comparison with manual methods. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 28(1), 49-55.
  • Fukumoto, L., & Mazza, G. (2000). Assessing antioxidant and prooxidant activities of phenolic compounds Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48(8), 3597-3604.
  • Julkunen-Tiitto, R. (1985). Phenolic constituents in the leaves of northern willows: methods for the analysis of certain phenolics. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 33(2), 213-217.
  • Benzie, I.F., & Strain, J. (1996). The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of “antioxidant power”: the FRAP assay, Analytical Biochemistry, 239(1), 70-76.
  • Molyneux, P. (2004). The use of the stable free radical diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) for estimating antioxidant activity. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 26(2), 211-219.
  • Longvah, T., & Deosthale, Y. (1998). Compositional and nutritional studies on edible wild mushroom from northeast India. Food Chemistry, 63(3), 331-334.
  • Cohen, N., Cohen, J., Asatiani, M.D., Varshney, V.K., Yu, H.T., Yang, Y.C., Li, Y.H., Mau, J.L., & Wasser, S.P. (2014). Chemical composition and nutritional and medicinal value of fruit bodies and submerged cultured mycelia of culinary-medicinal higher Basidiomycetes mushrooms. International journal of medicinal mushrooms, 16(3), 273-291.
  • Velioglu, Y., Mazza, G., Gao, L., & Oomah, B. (1998). Antioxidant activity and total phenolics in selected fruits, vegetables, and grain products. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 46(10), 4113-4117.
  • Barros, L., Ferreira, M.-J., Queiros, B., Ferreira, I.C., & Baptista, P. (2007). Total phenols, ascorbic acid, β-carotene and lycopene in Portuguese wild edible mushrooms and their antioxidant activities. Food Chemistry, 103(2), 413-419.
  • Gursoy, N., Sarikurkcu, C., Cengiz, M., & Solak, M.H. (2009). Antioxidant activities, metal contents, total phenolics and flavonoids of seven Morchella species. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 47(9), 2381-2388.
  • Cook, N., & Samman, S. (1996). Flavonoids—chemistry, metabolism, cardioprotective effects, and dietary sources. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 7(2), 66-76.
  • Singh, R., Verma, P.K., & Singh, G. (2012). Total phenolic, flavonoids and tannin contents in different extracts of Artemisia absinthium. Journal of Intercultural Ethnopharmacology, 1(2), 101-104.
  • Pujol, D., Liu, C., Gominho, J., Olivella, M., Fiol, N., Villaescusa, I., & Pereira, H. (2013). The chemical composition of exhausted coffee waste. Industrial Crops and Products, 50, 423-429.
  • Yıldız, S., Yılmaz, A., Can, Z., Kılıç, C., & Yıldız, Ü.C. (2017). Total Phenolic, Flavonoid, Tannin Contents and Antioxidant Properties of Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus citrinopileatus Cultivated on Various Sawdust. The Journal of Food, 42(3), 315-323.
  • Thaipong, K., Boonprakob, U., Crosby, K., Cisneros-Zevallos, L., & Byrne, D.H. (2006). Comparison of ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and ORAC assays for estimating antioxidant activity from guava fruit extracts. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 19(6), 669-675.
  • Kalogeropoulos, N., Yanni, A.E., Koutrotsios, G., & Aloupi, M. (2013). Bioactive microconstituents and antioxidant properties of wild edible mushrooms from the island of Lesvos, Greece. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 55, 378-385.
  • Mishra, K., Ojha, H., & Chaudhury, N.K. (2012). Estimation of antiradical properties of antioxidants using DPPH assay: A critical review and results. Food Chemistry, 130(4), 1036-1043.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Structural Biology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ayşenur Yılmaz This is me

Sibel Yıldız

Ceyhun Kılıç

Zehra Can

Publication Date November 25, 2017
Submission Date May 3, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 4 Issue: 3, Special Issue 1

Cite

APA Yılmaz, A., Yıldız, S., Kılıç, C., Can, Z. (2017). Protein contents and antioxidant properties of pleurotus ostreatus cultivated on tea and espresso wastes. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 4(3, Special Issue 1), 177-186. https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.370113
International Journal of Secondary Metabolite

e-ISSN: 2148-6905